Friday Night Lights A Recurring Theme - 925 Words

Marcos Vieira Filho Due: March 31, 2015 Friday Night Lights Book Essay Racism: A Recurring Theme in Friday Night Lights The surprisingly non-fiction novel, Friday Night Lights: A Town, a Team, and a Dream, was written by H. G. Bissinger in 1990. The story follows the Permian High School Panthers football team of 1998. The setting takes place in the town of Odessa, Texas. Bissinger describes this town as, â€Å"the setting for this book, but it could be anyplace in this vast land where, on a Friday night, a set of spindly stadium lights rises to the heavens to so powerfully, and so briefly, ignite the darkness.† (16). It highlights the teams attempt at a Texas state championship with plenty of distractions and obstacles along the way. The main barrier for players and staff of Permian High was racism. Some may find it hard to believe but in the town of Odessa, desegregation was simply a â€Å"suggestion† and the community refused to accept the fact that white and blacks are equal. It was not until the early eighties that Odessa desegregated. To better understand the theme of racism throughout the novel towards African American players and staff of Permian High, a school made up of almost ninety percent minorities, one must understand the background on how this book came about. The other two schools were Caucasian and almost entirely white schools. While at Harvard, Bissinger had an idea to write a book that was focused on the impact that high school football had on American cultureShow MoreRelatedHistory And Personality Of The Supreme Court1155 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Toobin, the history and personality of the Supreme Court has also been affected by continual topics in recurrent cases as well as recurring constitutional themes. These continually topics are seen in previous cases that have made reappearances in other cases as they are applied to modern times and cases. As seen in the provision of the historic rulings in the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education and the 1964 Reynolds v. Sims that established the rule of â€Å"one person, one vote† and equal protectionRead More New Classics of the Horror Film Genre Essay3002 Words   |  13 Pagesthese relics, who now represent all that is archaic in horror film history. The monster movie of the past makes way for the thriller or slasher movie of the present, while the monster villain gives its role to the deranged, psychotic serial killer. Friday the 13th series, Nightmare on Elm Street, Copycat and Seven have become the new classics in the genre of the horror film. With films like The People Under the Stairs, Nightmare on Elm Street, and New Nightmare, Wes Craven has proven himself to beRead MoreThe Hot Zone9599 Words   |  39 Pagesto detail. In the plot structure of The Hot Zone, Part 1 acts as the exposition. The landscape of the region is used to foreshadow the potential for fear and death that may follow throughout the book. In fact, humans fear of death becomes a recurring theme throughout the book. The sugar fields have been b urned for acres around, the dark clouds gather to create a rainstorm, and the cave is full of frightening images. Likewise, the graphic description of the progression of Monets illness allows theRead MoreNores vs. Greek Essay5576 Words   |  23 Pagesthis great wisdom, but had to go through many tasks and tricks to gain the knowledge. Another similarity between Odin and Athena is the fact that both are known for helping mortals. Athena helped Odysseus, Perseus, Jason and Herakles. In this same light, Odin is the protector of Sigmund, for example. Athena was a warrior goddess, as Odin was a warrior god, although Athena was a strategic figure, and most of the Norse figures, including Odin, were not known for being strategists. An interesting differenceRead MoreFord Marketing Plan11940 Words   |  48 Pages and economical vehicle operation (sensors account for almost 30 percent of the manufacturing cost of a car) †¢ While the benefits of some electronics are as cost-saving modules for the parts they replace, some others such as voice recognition and night vision systems have obvious marketable advantages. †¢ Using multimedia delivery platforms and user-friendly voice- and touch-screen-based human-machine interfaces. Provide entertainment to passengers / improve navigation by sharing data across componentsRead MoreSo, How Do People Really Use Their Handheld Devices? an Interactive Study of Wireless Technology Use13130 Words   |  53 Pagesframework of relevant themes will be developed which will increase our understanding of how the introduction of pervasive forms of technology (such as these wireless technology devices actually worn by an individual) might inï ¬â€šuence employee attitudes. T he methodology surrounding the ethnographic interviews conducted in the study will be reviewed, and the participating organizations proï ¬ led for the reader. Results of the interviews will provide both a conceptual explanation of each theme supported by keyRead MorePopulation Problem in Bangladesh14871 Words   |  60 PagesTeaching is a noble and honourable profession and he lives ideal lives. 2 Note how the subject shifts from a particular teacher (supposedly chosen by the student) to the general case of ‘an ideal teacher’. The real and the imaginary are blurred, a recurring phenomenon of ‘personal accounts’. Another section of this book is entitled ‘Writing paragraph Using Key Words’: Write a paragraph about â€Å"your best friend in the class.† In your paragraph you must include the following key words: Kamal Neglect SitRead MoreIroquois Confederacy9092 Words   |  37 Pagesthrough raids on other Indian tribes. They found the metal axes, knives, hoes, and kettles far superior to their implements of stone, bone, shell, and wood. Woven cloth began to replace the animal skins usually used for clothing materials. The recurring raids prompted the French to help their Indian allies attack the Iroquois in 1609, opening a new technological era for the people of the Confederacy. French body armor was made of metal, whereas that of the Iroquois was made of slatted wood. FurthermoreRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesin gaining a following, and if the charismatic community succeeds in routinizing, then the emergent forces, originally linked to charisma, are likely to have long-term consequences for the direction of cultural and social formation. Seen in the light of Webers overall concern with ideas as social forces, his theory of charisma and routinization is yet another argument for the role of ideas as effective instruments of social change.4 Charisma and Rationalization Although Webers work has noRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesorganizational theory challenges the relationship between individuals, groups and the organization through bureaucracy and hierarchy The virtuous bureaucracy Modernist themes in organizational design Modernist bureaucracy as a key challenge to organization design Contingency theory and organization design Organization culture as a key theme in organization theory The modernist tradition in organization culture Conclusions: does modernist organization theory still provide challenges for new visions of

Influence of Servicescape on New and Repeat Customers Behaviour Research Paper

Essays on Influence of Servicescape on New and Repeat Customers' Behaviour Research Paper The paper â€Å"Influence of Servicescape on New and Repeat Customers' Behaviour† is a  fascinating example research paper on marketing. When it comes to products, the consumption objectives and perceptions of the customers differ significantly from their consumption of services. When customers seek out services to consume as products, they look for the intrinsic service and value associated with it as well as the extrinsic factors of service quality and value-added proposition. The value-added proposition by service providers is largely based on the servicescape dimensions. Much research has been conducted on the aspect of servicescape and the impact it has on the formation of perceptions in the minds of the customer. However the aspects of customer loyalty and differing dimension roles for new and repeat customers are aspects of research that need to be focused upon.The objective of this study is to determine firstly, how the servicescape affect customer behaviour in the s ervices industry. Secondly, the paper seeks to provide basis for possibly differing effect of the servicescape on the new customers for a service provider when compared the same for the repeat customer. A practical study of personal experience specific to Starbucks in outlets in China has been performed to further evaluate the importance of servicescape in this regard. The aspect of customer loyalty is taken into account and possible digression onto strategic management of services marketing is provided.Literature ReviewPsychology of Consumer BehaviourConsumer behaviour is a vast field of study pertaining to the internal and external influences of psychology and how they influence the behaviour of the consumer. Specifically applied to business and marketing, this field aids in providing the significant groundwork for the application of servicescape in the services marketing industry. The consumer behaviour psychology is of significant importance when businesses seek to implement a r elationship marketing strategy for targeting new customers and building relationships for long term business and equity from them as a result of managed lifetime relationships (Roberts, Varki and Brodie, 2003).Servicescapes Applied to Services MarketingThe concept of servicescape was introduced formally by Booms and Bitner (1981) in their compiled work that focused on the effect of intangible and tangible elements on the customer perception specific to services marketing among other factors. The concept as depicted by Bitner and Boom provides that it is possible for the environment surrounding the provision and the consumption of service to significantly impact customer perceptions of image, perception and overall experience regarding the service. Since the formal theoretical framework has been laid out to support servicescape, businesses have increasingly paid attention to the manipulation of this attribute to their service in order to foster a proposed experience and perception on to the customers.Servicescape is of particular importance for businesses that provide services to customers or make use of services marketing. Much research pertaining to aspects of servicescape and their application in different industries to influence customer behaviour has been performed. This is particularly true for the hospitality, retail and fast-food/restaurant industry. Specific to servicescape Turley and Milliman (2000) provide that atmospheric elements like scent and temperature can significantly influence the behaviour of the customer in the service setting. This influence can be of both, a positive or a negative nature depending on the service type and the type of atmospheric servicescape employed. Specific to the retailing industry and services marketing employed in the industry, servicescape specific to the store environment has been employed to enhance the experience of shopping for the customer and provide stimuli to increase purchases (Matilla and Wirtz, 2001). Th ese servicescapes can take the form of layout of counters and shelves in-store, the air conditioning employed, use of plants and natural elements as well as the use of scent and music as stimuli for purchase.

Environmental Risk and Carbon Emissions †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Environmental Risk and Carbon Emissions. Answer: Introduction: Cloud computing is having a remarkable impact on all the industry and is one of the biggest breakthroughs in the information technology systems in the past decade. Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) started their plan of moving to the Amazon Cloud (Wamba et al. 2015). FINRA started moving their extremely critical systems in to the Amazon Cloud system. They were able to move their whole processes into the Amazon Cloud and now they are able to monitor and record the daily events in the New York Stock Exchange very easily. The company is able to record about 75 billion individual events on a daily basis, which is a remarkable achievement for the organization. The organization has been able to reduce the cost of storage by implementing the Amazon cloud service and has been able to store trillions of data, which may account to around 20 petabytes of data (Provost and Fawcett 2013). The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission are the primary regulators of the stock market and the new rules set by the government will require FINRA to collect and analyze more amounts of data. This is the very reason that FINRA will be trying to adopt to Amazon cloud computing system which will help the organization to reduce the cost of storage and increase the storage capacity. The organization initially sort help of many consultants and vendors who provided such services, but most of them tried to convinced the organization that it is impossible to manage a database of such magnitude on a private platform (Kraska 2013.). There are four major impacts of the public cloud service on FINRA and it is based on the principles of the organization. These major factors are self-sufficiency, open source, public vs. private cloud and customization. FINRA was able to develop an in house system, which as able to manage the Amazon Web Services without any vendors and consultants (Cai and Zhu 2 015). This has helped to reduce the overall cost of the organization significantly. The company has developed a public cloud system, which could be challenging, as it is difficult to manage a platform of such magnitude. The company developed an open source database, which will help them to avoid licensing, and it is based on the Hive and HBase. The organization customized the platform according to their needs that reduced cost of shifting the system into a new cloud database (Kuner et al. 2012). FINRA has incorporated most of the available features of the Amazon cloud services. They are using the Elastic Container Services instead of the EC2 virtual machines. The organization uses a private cloud database and uses a direct connection for networking (Chen, Mao and Liu 2014). This shows that the organization has made immense changes to the database, which will suit their own need. FINRA has been able to do away with the proprietary infrastructure and has enabled them to facilitate the processing of the huge number of data. This also helped the organization to store huge chunk of data very conveniently at a minimal cost (Ularu et al. 2012). The improvement in the new system is far more superior to the old system and the improvement in the system is exponential in nature. The organization is able to do their entire task in mere seconds, which will save them a lot of time and work load. The new system has been able to transform the whole organization; the new system is as such it will be able to absorb flash-crashes and other adverse market situations. The system will automatically spin up thousands of nodes to take them offline and the security of the cloud-based system is far more superior to the normal systems (Dubey et al. 2016). Order Audit Trail System (OATS) is an automated system, which is used to store and record data relating to orders. The information about all the equities that had been sold on the NASDAQ is recorded using the OATS system. This is a system, which will simplify the overall process starting from the initial receipt to the execution of the procedure. This device helps in tracking of the all the market instruments so that it can be easily audited afterwards. FINRA has incorporated this system in to their organization, which is helping the organization to recreate events in order lifecycles and monitoring of all the stocks and the equities in the market. Affect of the emerging technologies on existing technologies The traditional information system approach was to buy hardware, servers, license and installation of software. This traditional process was time consuming and costly as it required deployment cycles that are long and infrastructure demands. However, with the emergence of the cloud based system the whole scenario of the information technology system has changed drastically (Cai and Zhu 2015.). The old processes and the systems have become redundant, as other effective ways have been developed which will easily virtualizes the information technology system. The internet applications can also be accessed by the other new technological methods. This has significantly reduced the cost of hardware that were used for developing and maintaining of the servers. However, the numbers of components that are being moved in to the cloud by the majority of the companies are a handful. Initially the companies had to understand the advantages of using cloud computing so that it can be integrated in to the system of the organization by customizing it according to the needs of the organization (Kuner et al. 2012). The implementation of the cloud computing system in to the business model of the organization is tough, as the organization would have to modify their business model to accommodate the inclusion. This has increased the demand of the new specialists who can monitor and apply the changes without any problem. The ways of creating and developing the application have changed and the software developers have to adjust to the new ways of using the cloud server. The applications are move to the public or the private cloud so the companies will have to change their ways of delivering applications. The support staffs that were required in the traditional system have now become unnecessary and so the need for support staffs has decreased significantly (Kraska 2013). The biggest change of it all is that the data has lost its physical control and are being stored in data centres provided by the vendors. The safety of the data has increased and safer in the cloud servers. The cloud providers have security experts who maintain software and hardware to protect the data of the client from any breach. There is no specific standardized software for the cloud and the companies modify the software to customize it according to their needs (Provost and Fawcett 2013). The numbers of software application that are available in the open market are in millions. There is need for integration among the service providers and other applications, which are similar and belong to the rival organization. Integration is the new need where the companies will be streamlining the multi company project to make the work collaborative. These aspects are important for organization show have formed an collaboration and without the use of the integration there will be problems in security of data, lapses in production and there will be failure in the communication system of the organizations. The hybrid Cloud services have become popular, as this is a service that provide most favourable means for meeting the regulatory conformity for the organization. However, installation and managing of this hybrid servers is expensive and only 27% of the organization have the resources for fully accommodating the cloud based servers (Ularu et al. 2012). The cloud computing system has allowed all the individual use their own customized applications and so it difficult to monitor and secure the data. Thus, the companies are using third party cloud solution, which consist of security apps that will monitor and protect the data from any unwanted breach. Cloud computing is one of essential requirements for development of flexible workplace. The employees are using technology advanced devices to access the data remotely and cloud will facilitate in collaboration, competitive gains and trade. The companies will be able to provide the employees with flexibility, which will help in increasing the productivity in the organization (Dubey et al. 2016). This had lead to the emergence of cloud brokerage services, which will facilitate in providing the organizations with ideal cloud service provider for the organization. These cloud brokerage services have gained popularity due to the need for integration in the hybrid models and there has been rapid growth in this market. This has helped the organization in adaptation of the BYOD, big data and services related to mobility, which is acting as a catalyst in the growth of the Cloud Brokerage Services (Provost and Fawcett 2013). This has to lead to the emergence of the SaaS solutions that has bee n perfectly incorporated in the digital system. This will ensure full integration fo the applications and software without any leaks and breaks. DaaS offers the organization with the support to companies to make choices that cost efficient and will provide the organization with a competitive advantage in the market. FINRA has been able to incorporate the OATS system with their private cloud system, which has improved the ability of the OATS system. The tracking of complex data and recording it has become very easy for the organization and the tasks that would take a time of at least five to seven hours can be solved in seconds and minutes. Corporate strategic planning process Business performance does not consider the business in different level but considers the business as a whole, which helps in identifying the performance of the organization. The performance of the individual will also affect the performance of the company. The incorporation of the business performance management along with the corporate strategic planning will provide the organization with the opportunity of meeting the target (Agus and Shukri Hajinoor 2012). The business performance management is continuously making progress in providing positive impact to the key indicators of business. The strategic planning will help to outline the key indicators, which will help in enhancing the business performance. The strategic planning process is the tool, which will facilitate the organization to make improvement in the business performance management. The strategic planning is an tool which will define the key changes in the key indicator of the organization in order to positively impact t he performance of the organization. Corporate strategic planning will help in identifying the goals and the ways of achieving the target (Hammer 2015). Business performance management in an organization will consist of growth strategy, innovation and better execution and these three important factors will have to be incorporated in to the strategic planning of the organization to maintain their sustainability. The corporate strategic planning consist of various tools which can be used for accessing the market conditions and as well as the internal environment of the organization. The macro environment analysis helps to identify the external factors, which will affect the operations and sustainability of the organization (Rasula, Vuksic and Stemberger 2012). This may include PESTLE analysis, which will help in the identification of macro environmental factors. Porters five forces and the value chain analysis can be used for analysing the internal environment of the organization. The external environment cannot be controlled by the organization but if the organization is able to identify the factors that may affect the performance the n they will be able to mitigate the risk factors by being prepared for it. The internal analysis of the organization includes the SWOT analysis, which will help in identification of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunity and threat of organization. The identification of these factors will help the organization in formulating future strategies to achieve the goals and objectives of the organization (Chen, Chiang and Storey 2012). Business intelligence is a tool, which is collect, store, access and analyzes the data to make improvements that will help the organization make better choices. The business intelligence is a tool, which helps the organization to set their corporate strategies, and at the same time will help to change the existing strategies according to the changes in the market. The business intelligence tool will be used by the organization to monitor the progress of the strategic plan and to measure the key performance indicators of the organization. the organization will be able to select sophisticated KPIs by combing different datasets of the corporate organization ((Chen, Chiang and Storey 2012). The business intelligence system will help the organization to use an automated device to monitor the KPIs and make appropriate changes in the strategic planning of the organization. This tool will help in the reduction of the cost and time taken for analysis and execution of the strategic plan of the organization. Business intelligence is a guiding tool for creating a successful management strategy and create the desired performance. Business performance management acts as a junction for business intelligence and corporate strategic planning as both these tool are used by the organization to achieve the common goals that is to increase the productivity and hence maintaining the sustainability of the organization. The use of business intelligence for developing the corporate strategy of the organization has been adapted by most of the organization as it helps in forecasting the future market trends and formulation of effective strategies as a means of counter measure for the future uncertainties (Prajogo and Olhager 2012). BI System formulation and Architecture The goals and objectives of a company have to be clearly set in order to implement the business intelligence framework. The goals of the organization, which is required for the proper execution of the business intelligence framework, are trust on a single set of corporate data, which will to help to make decision based on the facts (Prajogo and Olhager 2012). The tools should be easy to use which can easily analyze and report data to help the business achieve better insight to highlight hidden trends and issues. The tools should be able to identify the trends in a short period of time so that the company can quickly adapt to the changing trends in the market. The BI framework that is being developed for an organization could be practical or conceptual depending upon the needs of the organization. The main advantage of using this tool is that the organization has the option of modifying the tool according to the scale of the organization. The large-scale organization will use the tool in a different way where as the small and the medium scale organization will use it in another way. The majority of the organizations use a combination of the products, services and vendors to PM solutions and BI analytics (Meng 2012). The companies with limited amount of resources will use the BI analytics in a different way. They will be using the framework, which will constitute of reporting, analysis and planning of the data without the usage of the extensive resources. The use of effective framework will help an organization to maintain their sustainability in the organization. The above pictures show two frameworks one is one for the medium scale organization and the other is for the large-scale organization. The first framework is less complicated where the vendors, services and products are not taken in to consideration while in the second framework it is a more complex framework with the usage of extensive resources. The tool is very easy to use and even novice employees can use it to understand the market analysis and the trends (Hoogendoorn, Oosterbeek and Van 2013). The framework wants the users to think like an analyst to make optimum usage of the tool. The result that is obtained is precise and accurate which helps in making accurate decisions. The formulation of the strategy for the business can be done at any point of time so that the strategy can be adjusted according to the upcoming market trends. The organization will have to change their processes form tactical to strategic planning which would include the implementation of the business analy tical system. The organization will have to make sure that they maintain the consistency level in all the analytical processes so that the organization has the common sets of dimensions, business rules and hierarchies (Prajogo and Olhager 2012). The companies can develop the analytics system based on their infrastructure; the system is flexible enough to be incorporated in to any form of system. A single console, which is centralised and based on web, can be used for managing all the administrative activities of deployment, installation and management can be done with a few clicks. The above two-business system will help a manager to analyze the progress of the organization and the results of the corporate strategic planning. The system shows how the decision support system will help the organization in making valuable decisions, this will consist of both micro and macro decisions of the organizations. The manager will be able to obtain about both external and internal sources form the data warehouse for interpreting the data. The manager will be able to do a comparative study of the corporate strategic planning and business management process with the help of the business intelligence system, which will help a manager to identify whether the execution of the corporate planning is done in a proper way. The organization will have to define the business process, decision and the analytical processes and the information infrastructure will have to be defined so that the model can be execute din a proper way. There is no right framework in business intelligence and the frameworks change according to the needs of the consumers. This will depend on the constraints and the objectives of an organization. The use of analytic in the supply chain of the organization is one of the important aspects and overall operation can be handled efficiently with the help of the business intelligence (Hoogendoorn, Oosterbeek and Van Praag 2013). The use of the BI in the operations of the company will help in increasing the productivity and maintaining the quality of the product. However, the complexity of the organization increases with the increase in the width of the scope of the organization. The above framework show show the decision support system has been used to facilitate the needs of the organiza tion. Developing an argument either in favor or against the preference of knowledge based system over traditional IT systems Knowledge based system is one of the members of the AI group which is used for the entire advanced task and other resources. The society has become more oriented to knowledge and is relying on experts to make decision for them. The KBS system will increase the consistency and will allow the users to function at a much higher level. The KBS system is bale to understand and interpret the data to make decision on behalf of the expert. Knowledge Based System emphasizes on the system that utilizes the knowledge based techniques to support the human decision, learning and actions. This system is developed to cooperate with the humans. As put forward by Popovi? et al. (2012), a knowledge based system is considered as the computer program that uses artificial intelligence to resolve the issues within a particular domain that practically requires human expertise. This system tasks for expert system could involve the classification, diagnosis, design and monitoring and planning for the specialized. It is identified that Information technology could conduct the human activities but without the involvement of humans, it is not possible to conduct those activities. Many organizations in the recent time have been observed to be using AI in their operation to speed up the process of operation. On the other side, the use of traditional information technology involves the staffs to operate. In this context, Chen, Chiang and Storey (2012) commented that knowledge-based system seems to be more general compared to expert system. Knowledge Based System is highly demanded in many organizations due to unique features like problem solving. The problem-solving efficiency does not lie with the smart reasoning method nor it is depended on developed algorithms but it is highly depended on domain-dependent real-world knowledge. It has been found out that real world issues do not have any well developed solutions; hence, the knowledge based system permits this knowledge to be represented. The KBS provides an enhanced solution. In this context Azma and Mostafapour (2012) commented that knowledge based system derives the experience and knowledge of human expertise and record them in knowledge-base to resolve the problems that usually require human expertise. The KBS can be used as the diagnostic tools where the interpretation provides a deep understanding of situation or circumstance with available and relevant information; whereas traditional IT identified the issues based on the algorithm developed in the system; thereby, thereby reach of Information Technology is limited compared to Knowledge Based System. According to Hou (2012), KBS has a design tool that helps to make the configuration that meets the constraints of the issues identified. Likewise, the system is embedded with a monitoring tool that helps to check he performance as well as the inconsistency. Another significant tool is known as the control, which helps to collect and evaluate the evidences and other related opinions. The most significant diagnostic tool of KBS is known as debugging, which helps to identify as well as prescribe solutions for the malfunction. On the other side, the traditional information technology could inform the users about the malfunctions but it cannot develop the solutions. As discussed earlier, with the help of AI, Knowledge Based System could provide the identification about particular issues, which is known as the set of symptoms but hence, IT system could stop the operation being affected by the problems. According to Duan and Da Xu (2012), the component of a human or an expert system which consists of systems knowledge developed in the collection of facts regarding the system domains is known as Knowledge Based System. Due to all these advanced features, the KBS is highly demanded in each sector by the medium and large size organizations. Discussing the broad implication for KBS rising from the introduction of cloud computing techniques that provide intelligent computing power over the internet Certainly, the cloud computing is known as one of the advanced and latest innovation in modern technology. The cloud computing is referred to the use of computing resource from the server using the broad network. This system enables the user to access the required resource using any computer system associated with the internet as the web server. However, the biggest contribution of cloud computing technology is Knowledge Based System. As put forward by Sauter (2014), as the long-term investment in learning always lead to the consequence in immediate the enhancement, business across the world have waited long and it was hard to find a way of gaining knowledge. However, with the revolution and development of IT solutions, it is probably that cloud computing is foolproof system for conducting the same. As there has been a growing popularity of cloud-based knowledge management system, technology through the evolution, has been able to help people in experiencing some significant benefits from the potential risks. In addition to this, as the cloud-computing has the scope for storing the relevant information; it has become more easier to develop KBS. To develop and use KBS, the users do not need additional hardware or software, on single operating system can work for the KBS Foshay and Kuziemsky (2014). Deriving the human expertise and utilizing the resources kept in the cloud, the Knowledge Based system works as a whole and facilitates the overall operation. As put forward by Chang (2016) the cloud technologies are utilized to aid knowledge sharing because of the recent advancement in the field of internet as well as its growing popularity. The major advantage of cloud computing technology is that it can be implemented throughout the organization. Hence, the organizations should re-evaluate as well as modernize their knowledge management strategies to keep up with the knowledge enhancement (Azma and Mostafapour 2012). Furthermore, it is also observed that because of the large range of knowledg e as well as the content in the enterprise, the monitoring as well as the supervision is complicated along with high licensing cost. Hence, the solution is to take up an extensible knowledge management system to meet the organizational needs. When the successful transition to a cloud based knowledge system is developed, the organization could experience a set of benefit such as reduced licensing charges using a single content management system (Chen, Chiang and Storey 2012). The organization could enjoy the benefits of reduced ownership charges because of the transition to cloud. The organization could observe a developed efficiency as well as cooperation across the organizations through a unified system. Thus, it can be mentioned that technological operation has now days become easier due to advancement of AI in the form of Knowledge Based System. As put forward by Popovic et al. (2012) being able to use knowledge as the competitive advantages needs a sophisticated system of knowledge management. Hence, the major objectives o knowledge management is to increase the highest exploitation of intellectual capital in organization. This has been possible by the use of technology that that can work as human and probably faster than humans but using human expertise only. Data mining Data mining is the process in which the large number of data is analyzed to identify the hidden relationship between various data and at the same time can be sued for the prediction of the future.It can be used for finding the anomalies, correlation and patterns among the data. This is used to increase the revenue and reduce the cost associated with the organization and make improvements in the relationship with the customers and reduce the risk. Initially data mining was used in scientific disciplines, artificial intelligence, statistics, and machine learning. However, the application of data mining is huge and in the past decade the multinational companies has been using data mining and big data to make improvements in the business model of the organization (Popovi? et al. 2012). The emergence of data mining has made the old processes redundant by taking out those tedious and time-consuming processes. The automated analysis of the data has been used in all types of industry to unco ver relevant insight form complex data. Data mining has been used in retail, banking, financial sector and many other industries, which shows that the data mining has the capability of resolving all the issues that are being linked with the organizations. Globalization has made improvements in the technological advancement and this has caused the emergence of large amount of data. The large amount of data is unstructured and complex: data mining is the process, which can be used to obtain meaningful data from this huge chunk of data (Chen,Chiang and Storey 2012). The data mining can be used to reduce the amount of noise in the data by eliminating the repetitive data from it. Data mining will be able to identify meaningful data, which can be used for drawing inference. This also helps in making important decision at a brisk pace and this has made data mining as an integral part of the business world. The sue of analytics to understand the patterns and relationship with in the variable is very common. The proper usage of the data mining and big data can provide an organization with competitive advantage. Modern scenario shows that the companies have incorporated the use of data mining so that they make improvements in the performance of the company. The analysis of the huge chunk of data was very difficult and time consuming for the companies and the emergence of data mining has been a boon for the corporate industry (Azma and Mostafapour 2012). Data mining is the solution to all the problems in the market trends where the companies can make us e of the data mining to make changes to their corporate planning strategy and prepare for adverse situations. There are various types of modelling method, which are used for the analysis of the data. The needs of the consumers and fluctuations in the market can be easily analyzed with the help of analytics. Market basket analysis is one such technique where the retail companies use the data to identify the complementary products, most popular products and the pattern the products should be arranged so that they sale of the outlet increases. This show that data mining was initially sued for theoretical analysis but it can be better applied to solve the problems of the business world. The tradition form of analysis were time consuming and difficult to calculate whereas data mining produces very fast results and helps in reducing the time making decisions (Foshay and Kuziemsky 2014). Implication of intelligent data analytics The emergence of big data has lead to usage the data of the behaviour of the consumer to identify their needs, upcoming patterns and the popular products in the products. The consumers are unaware about the usage of their personal data by the companies. This may be considered as the breach of privacy and the consumers if they find out about it can file a lawsuit against the company. Even if the consumer has agreed to share their data then the consumers are unaware of the fact that how the data will be sued by the organization. The organization may sell the data to a third party who may misuse it for its own benefit. This is a common phenomenon for the companies to use of the customer data and store it in their data warehouse to analyze it to find the patterns hidden in it (Hou 2012). The availability of large amount of data is common in this present business world but it the duty of the companies to protect the data of the consumers in a proper way so that it cannot be misused for ot her purposes. A lot of companies have their data warehouse where the large amount of data of the consumers is kept for further analysis in the future. However, most of the companies are very casual about the privacy and protection of the data and the recent incident in the past few years show that there has been privacy breach in large number of companies. They have been unable to do anything about and consumers are more frightened about sharing their information at an organizational level. There are instances where data has been stolen and has been used for identity theft and accumulation of the large amount of data at a single place has presented the hackers with the opportunity to steal this huge data for their own benefit (Duan and Da Xu, L. 2012). The companies should be more focused on protecting the data of their consumers otherwise it will be difficult for the companies to retain their consumers. The instances show that the data breaches in all the incident is the fault of the organization and they had to pay heavy fine to the consumers for such a shameful incident. This shows that the organization are least bothered about the data privacy of the consumers and using it for their own benefits. The big data consist of various analyses and is very sensitive in nature so it has to be protected at all cost (Foshay and Kuziemsky 2014.). The data can be used for many misdeeds, which will be a problem for the company and the consumer at the same time. The consumers have lost their trust on the companies and are very much reluctant in sharing the data with the consumers. Thus, it can be concluded that it is wrong on the part of the companies to exploit the data of the consumers and the companies should make sure that they maintain t he privacy of the consumers. Reference Agus, A. and Shukri Hajinoor, M., 2012. Lean production supply chain management as driver towards enhancing product quality and business performance: Case study of manufacturing companies in Malaysia.International Journal of Quality Reliability Management,29(1), pp.92-121. Azma, F. and Mostafapour, M.A., 2012. Business intelligence as a key strategy for development organizations.Procedia Technology,1, pp.102-106. Cai, L. and Zhu, Y., 2015. The challenges of data quality and data quality assessment in the big data era.Data Science Journal,14. Chang, J.F., 2016.Business process management systems: strategy and implementation. CRC Press. Chen, H., Chiang, R.H. and Storey, V.C., 2012. Business intelligence and analytics: From big data to big impact.MIS quarterly,36(4). Chen, H., Chiang, R.H. and Storey, V.C., 2012. Business intelligence and analytics: From big data to big impact.MIS quarterly,36(4). Chen, M., Mao, S. and Liu, Y., 2014. Big data: A survey.Mobile Networks and Applications,19(2), pp.171-209. Chou, D.C., 2013. Risk identification in Green IT practice.Computer Standards Interfaces,35(2), pp.231-237. Duan, L. and Da Xu, L., 2012. Business intelligence for enterprise systems: a survey.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,8(3), pp.679-687. Dubey, R., Gunasekaran, A., Childe, S.J., Wamba, S.F. and Papadopoulos, T., 2016. The impact of big data on world-class sustainable manufacturing.The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,84(1-4), pp.631-645. Foshay, N. and Kuziemsky, C., 2014. Towards an implementation framework for business intelligence in healthcare.International Journal of Information Management,34(1), pp.20-27. GhaffarianHoseini, A., Dahlan, N.D., Berardi, U., GhaffarianHoseini, A., Makaremi, N. and GhaffarianHoseini, M., 2013. Sustainable energy performances of green buildings: A review of current theories, implementations and challenges.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,25, pp.1-17. Green Jr, K.W., Zelbst, P.J., Meacham, J. and Bhadauria, V.S., 2012. Green supply chain management practices: impact on performance.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(3), pp.290-305. Hammer, M., 2015. What is business process management?. InHandbook on Business Process Management 1(pp. 3-16). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Hasan, Z. and Ali, N.A., 2015. The Impact of Green Marketing Strategy on the Firm's Performance in Malaysia.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,172, pp.463-470. Hoogendoorn, S., Oosterbeek, H. and Van Praag, M., 2013. The impact of gender diversity on the performance of business teams: Evidence from a field experiment.Management Science,59(7), pp.1514-1528. Hou, C.K., 2012. Examining the effect of user satisfaction on system usage and individual performance with business intelligence systems: An empirical study of Taiwan's electronics industry.International Journal of Information Management,32(6), pp.560-573. Kraska, T., 2013. Finding the needle in the big data systems haystack.IEEE Internet Computing,17(1), pp.84-86. Kuner, C., Cate, F.H., Millard, C. and Svantesson, D.J.B., 2012. The challenge of big datafor data protection. Meng, X., 2012. The effect of relationship management on project performance in construction.International journal of project management,30(2), pp.188-198. Murugesan, S. and Gangadharan, G.R., 2012.Harnessing green IT: Principles and practices. Wiley Publishing. Popovi?, A., Hackney, R., Coelho, P.S. and Jakli?, J., 2012. Towards business intelligence systems success: Effects of maturity and culture on analytical decision making.Decision Support Systems,54(1), pp.729-739. Prajogo, D. and Olhager, J., 2012. Supply chain integration and performance: The effects of long-term relationships, information technology and sharing, and logistics integration.International Journal of Production Economics,135(1), pp.514-522. Provost, F. and Fawcett, T., 2013. Data science and its relationship to big data and data-driven decision making.Big Data,1(1), pp.51-59. Rasula, J., Vuksic, V.B. and Stemberger, M.I., 2012. The impact of knowledge management on organisational performance.Economic and Business Review for Central and South-Eastern Europe,14(2), p.147. Sarkar, A.N., 2012. Green branding and eco-innovations for evolving a sustainable green marketing strategy.Asia-Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation,8(1), pp.39-58. Sauter, V.L., 2014.Decision support systems for business intelligence. John Wiley Sons. Shiva, V., 2016.The violence of the green revolution: Third world agriculture, ecology, and politics. University Press of Kentucky. Ularu, E.G., Puican, F.C., Apostu, A. and Velicanu, M., 2012. Perspectives on big data and big data analytics.Database Systems Journal,3(4), pp.3-14. Wamba, S.F., Akter, S., Edwards, A., Chopin, G. and Gnanzou, D., 2015. How big datacan make big impact: Findings from a systematic review and a longitudinal case study.International Journal of Production Economics,165, pp.234-246. Zhao, R., Neighbour, G., Han, J., McGuire, M. and Deutz, P., 2012. Using game theory to describe strategy selection for environmental risk and carbon emissions reduction in the green supply chain.Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,25(6), pp.927-936. Zhu, Q., Sarkis, J. and Lai, K.H., 2012. Examining the effects of green supply chain management practices and their mediations on performance improvements.International journal of production research,50(5), pp.1377-1394.

Promote Children and Young People’s positive behaviour free essay sample

Sex Education Effective sex and relationship education is essential if young people are to make responsible and well informed decisions about their lives Support the lead teacher and give accurate and informed information to the young people SEN Ensures that all students with SEN are treated fairly. Work with SEN students Health and safety To keep both adults and children within the school safe I don’t put the students or myself at risk. I assess my role in school and make judgements/ seek advice on what is right Cyber bullying To keep both adults and children within the school safe Physical contact To help staff know what is acceptable and what is not Work within it. Understand what is appropriate physical contact within the context of my role Task 2 Feel safe Yes as inappropriate behaviour (bullying/threatening/challenging authority) is challenged by staff to make the classroom a safer place for all The correct advice is being said to the students form people they trust Making the building a safe place can only be a good thing for pupils Make a positive contribution They make a positive contribution to the pupils as the guidance within them  are all based on the child and on how we can keep them safe from harm. We will write a custom essay sample on Promote Children and Young People’s positive behaviour or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They also demonstrate consistency across the school which children appreciate Develop social and emotional skills Students can see that adults are following codes of practice and making decisions that are fair. Watching this practice can assist children in developing their own social and emotional skills Understand their expectations and limits Young people like to know that the rules that a school sets are fair and applied fairly across the school that unacceptable behaviour of others is dealt with. Behaviour policies try and do this in such a way that pupils know what is right and what is not when it comes to relationships with others. A2 Promoting positive behaviour Task 1 Benefits of boundaries and rules Pupils and staff generate the boundaries Everyone knows ‘the rules’. Consistently applied across the school assists the pupils Poor behaviour is indicated as it is not good and dealt with accordingly Sanctions are levelled against certain actions. E. g. missing homework is a 30-minute detention or hitting another student is exclusion. Clarity for all is important Good behaviour is praised and rewarded Task 2 The need for students to have consistency is very important. If a string of supply teachers came and went, all with their own approach to classroom management, understanding of the rewards and sanctions policy of school, I think that the students would quickly disengage. The level of written work falls off as the books are marked to a different standard Homework effort becomes sporadic Behaviour of students’ changes as the more challenging students will push the limits of the ‘supply teacher’ to see where the boundaries really are. This can have a detrimental effect on the class as a whole. Students who were once well behaved follow the poor behaviour and it becomes a negative spiral of behaviour. The level of trust that the pupils have with that subject is put in jeopardy as they become negative towards the subject as the teaching/relationships in the room are put under pressure. Task 3 Rewards Sanctions THE POSITIVE REWARD SYSTEM It is important that achievement and good behaviour are rewarded. The two main ways of doing this are by giving merits for good work and recording such things as exceptional effort, improvement in behaviour, volunteering to help at functions etc, on the school system. Merits and Head of Department’s Commendations Pupils are awarded merits in accordance with departmental criteria. Staff record the merits in both the pupil’s Planners and their own mark records. Ten merits in one-term results in a Head of Department’s Commendation that is awarded in Year Assemblies. Positive Referrals and Head of Year’s Commendations Positive referrals are sent to the relevant HoY and also recorded in the pupil’s planner. A Head of Year’s Commendation is awarded for 5 positive referrals or for consistent effort on Consultation Day. This certificate is also awarded at Year Assemblies. Head Teacher’s Commendation This is awarded at the end of term assembly on the basis of any combination of 3 Head of Year/ Head of Department Commendations. Prize Day Prizes are awarded annually to pupils for outstanding effort and achievement, for excellent attendance and punctuality, for success in examinations, for sporting endeavour and for services to school SANCTIONS Outlined below are examples of unacceptable behaviour and sanctions. This is not a tariff, and each case must be dealt with according to its merits. Sanctions will be applied fairly in accordance with DCSF guidance and exclusion used when no other alternatives are available (refer to Inclusion Policy) Minor Incidents These incidents are dealt with by the classroom teacher and include, for example: throwing paper; calling out; chewing; not following instructions; incomplete class work; no homework; lack of equipment. Sanctions include: verbal reprimand short cooling off period outside the classroom (maximum 5 minutes) note to parent in Student Planner; moving seat short detention phone call home. sent to a temporary alternate space (supervised by an adult) Persistent incidents, or incidents of medium severity These incidents are recorded and passed to HoD. Unacceptable behaviour in this category includes: Persistency of minor incidents as above rudeness to staff verbally aggressive behaviour to another pupil being continually off-task. HoD’s sanctions include: meeting with pupil contact with parents by phone or letter placement on Departmental Report departmental detention discussion with Form Tutor referral to HoY Serious Incidents Serious incidents are dealt with by the HOY and/ or the SLT and include: truancy from school lessons  extreme rudeness to staff aggressive behaviour smoking refusal to comply with other sanctions theft bullying HOY’s sanctions include: meeting parents/guardians placement on Daily Report HoY’s Detention Saturday Detention. Very Serious Incidents These incidents are dealt with by HoYs and SLT. They include: persistency of the above serious incidents of bullying sexual contact racial/se xual harassment fighting bringing an offensive weapon to school (laser pens, knives, pellet guns, fireworks, scissors, this list is not exhaustive) involvement with drugs or alcohol Physical aggression to a member of staff will be treated with the utmost severity Sanctions available include: internal exclusion fixed term exclusion permanent exclusion Police involvement Task 4 1. Skinner’s theory is that children respond positively to praise and repeat behaviour in which praise is the reward. Involving children in the setting of classroom rules/acceptable behaviour, it gives them a responsibility to keep the rules set. Examples like: How do they enter the class How do they speak to each other How do they expect to be spoken to Physical contact Shouting out when others are talking Manners These simple class ‘rules’, which are set by the children are important so that each and every child ‘buys’ into the rules, as they were the ones who created them. Positively rewarding students who follow the set rules becomes clear and positive behaviour is rewarded and repeated (Skinner), and children who ‘break’ the set rules understand that their behaviour was inappropriate and accept the sanction set more readily. 2. You should involve children and young people in devising school or class rules because it is important that they put forward their own ideas and explain why they have those ideas. They could also compare rules in other schools and discuss why they think they may or may not work. Involving the pupils helps you to agree on appropriate rewards and sanctions together. This helps to give them ownership of them and they are more likely to take responsibility for their behaviour. A3 Managing Inappropriate Behaviour (-) ve (+)ve You Haven’t listened to a word I said Listen carefully to what I am saying, its important You can’t go out: your work is not finished Once you finish that task. You can have a break Your painting is ruined Lets try and make this painting better Stop shouting out We don’t shout out in this class, do we! We follow the class rules then everyone has a turn. Stop rocking your chair Sit properly in that chair, please You are going to break that. You are very naughty Stop. Think for a moment. It looks like that could break and that’s not what you want to do Tuck your shirt in You are representing the school and yourself in that uniform. Smarten it up please Get to class you’re late Being on time is really important. Lets get there Stop chewing Please put the gum in the bin Stop picking on him How would you feel if someone said that to you? Do not break that equipment The school has that for all of the pupils here so that they can learn, please treat things with respect. A4 Role models Good Role Model I have seen a teacher who always meets the students at the door of his classroom and welcomes them all individually. This sets the tone for the start of the class and the pupils are happy to be in this room. His manner is always polite and his expectations from the students are the same as he demonstrates to the pupils. They all speak to each other with respect and the environment is a welcoming, positive one. Poor Role Model A member of the canteen staff is not polite to the students at lunch and continually shouts at the children. The pupils simply ignore this lady as the instructions are always barked. Her stress levels are increased and the pupils dining experience is not as it should be. If she were to change certain aspects of her own behaviour then all parties would have a better experience at lunch. 1. Children respond positively to positive behaviour from adults. A good role model will demonstrate behaviour patterns that the students will wish to mirror as they acknowledge them as being ‘good’. Use of appropriate language, being courteous, and respectful of others are all good traits that impact on children’s behaviour 2. Poor role models demonstrate behaviour patterns that we do not want children to mirror. Derogatory comments, aggressive body language, poor manners are returned to the adult from the children if this is what they themselves are subjected to as they accept this behaviour as ‘normal’ A5 Easter Activity 1. Rewards or commendations would not be taken away. There would be an explanation of why these comments are inappropriate and inaccurate and then the pupils would be asked to apologise to the helper. If the pupils refused to apologise then it would be referred to their class teacher or form tutor. 2. From home and/or on the play ground 3. The class teacher should have been more aware of the noise from the 5 boys. The TA is more than capable of dealing with this low level disruption 4. No. Rewards are given for positive behaviour/work. Another sanction should have been used for the boys comments 5. I think that the TA was too strict. Explaining to the boys about positive role models and that the year 10/11 girl was there to help them would have been the correct avenue to take in the 1st instance 6. If the boys had continued to be silly once a conversation had taken place then the teacher could have been called over and removal of a period of ‘play time’ would have been more effective than removal of points earned. 7. The boys should have apologised to Cheryl for their silly comments. 8. No. All 5 should have had the same sanction in the 1st instance. 9. The teacher should have been informed of what the TA did and if the situation escalated, assuming the teacher cannot control the class, a more senior member of staff should be informed. The SENCO also needs to be informed to discuss the matter with the TA. Learning Outcome 35 Be able to manage inappropriate behaviour Behaviour and discipline problems that should be referred to others Bullying of others Poor and challenging behaviour inside/outside of the classroom Attendance Fighting Smoking Inappropriate sexual behaviour The school has a system in place that Behaviour in classrooms is dealt with initially by the He ad of Department and the teacher Behaviour outside of the classroom is dealt with by the HOY Attendance is dealt with by the attendance officer The more serious offences and if small issues develop into larger issues then the SLT of the school becomes involved in each case. Agencies that support behaviour in schools The Local Authority Behaviour units and educational psychologists CAMHS Police/Fire Service Social services A6 Changes in Behaviour Challenging Behaviour Possible Developments Action As per example As per example Speak with both children to explain that this type of behaviour is wrong. Contact home to speak with parent/carer of child whose bag has been damaged As per example Child becomes disinterested in the lesson and disengages. Speak with child about importance of sleep and amount of sleep. Make a note that if this behaviour pattern continues to pass the information to a more senior colleague. As per example The situation could develop into a situation of bullying for the girl in question The child who was pulling the hair needs to have the possible developments of the actions explained clearly. An apology to the girl and a statement that this type of behaviour will not carry on. If this type of behaviour is witnessed again then a referral to more senior staff is required. As per example The relationship between the teacher and pupils could become challenging, especially if the parents have been informed of a 1 sided picture Speak to the two girls and clarify why their behaviour created the situation in the 1st instance. The girls need to speak with the teacher and apologise for not listening. If then the girl wishes to tell her parents then fine, but to get in touch with the teacher or the TA for a response. A7 Challenging Behaviour 1. Assessing the pupils’ body language at the start of each session that I would be working with is very important. The most effective way to manage inappropriate behaviour is not to place ones-self in that environment. If a student is clearly agitated or not in the right mind to take a full and active part in the lesson then an alternative needs to be considered. You get to know patterns and triggers for challenging behaviour in pupils. Work can be differentiated for specific pupils. It is always a good idea to liaise with colleagues and find out what the pupils behaviour has been like throughout the day so far. Time out of the lesson to calm down or think things through can be effective for some pupils. 2. Pupils with learning difficulties or who are prone to displaying challenging behaviour are given opportunities to sit in quiet areas during break times rather than go to the noisy playground. They have access to snacks at break and lunch should they require them. They also have access to resources such as flash cards, books and games to help them relax. They have access to Learning Support staff should they wish to discuss something. These members of staff carry radios so they can be contacted swiftly should they be required in a classroom. Pupils are allowed, â€Å"time out† if they become agitated or distressed. A8 Behaviour Reviews Task 1 Encouraging Pupils to consider their actions and behaviour enables them to understand how and why they came to that point. They are able to look at their actions and what the outcomes and consequences are. The Restorative Justice programme promotes a harmonious learning environment. Pupils are encouraged to self regulate their own behaviour and learning based on respect, responsibility, repair and re-integration. These steps appear to help the child or young person understand their feelings and how they affect their behaviour, respect others feelings and opinions, take responsibility for their actions, learn how to put things right and find solutions and to re-integrate back into their peer groups etc. It appears that the practitioners employ a whole school approach and this appears to reduce incidents of poor behaviour. Behaviour Support Plans are another way of working towards improved behaviour. Like the Restorative Justice Plan, they involve the child or young person when setting the goals and targets. The plans are specific to the pupil’s needs and contain the steps to be taken to work towards the target. They should be realistic in their expectations and always involve regular discussions with the pupil about any issues or worries they may have. Behaviour Support Plans or Individual Education plans can be very effective as they are tailored to that pupil’s specific requirements and needs. An added benefit for both the pupil and the staff involved is that they get to know the pupil much better, promoting improved understanding of their behaviour. Task 2 1. Reviewing their behaviour and targets enables children and young people to think about and talk about the impact of their actions. They may find some of the resolutions themselves. 2. The Teaching Assistant could ensure that the targets are SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time bound). The pupils need to fully understand why they are set these targets. Discussions need to take place regularly and expectations need to be realistic. 3. Encourage positive behaviour with a rewards system. Communicate with the pupil regularly and reassure them that you and other staff and pupils have noticed their good behaviour. Show understanding of why their behaviour may sometimes be related to their emotions. 4. Encouraging the child or young person to reflect on their behaviour and the consequences for themselves and others. Ensuring that the system of rewards and sanctions is fully appreciated and understood. Being able to show empathy and understanding of circumstances and reasons for poor behaviour without compromising the standards and sanctions the school has put in place. Be able to respond to challenging behaviour Case Study 1 1. Claire should intervene quickly and remove the brick from Marc’s hand and explain why. Make the boys aware of her presence and attempt to make eye contact. Repeat directions to both boys in a calm but firm manner. Use time out if appropriate to enable them to calm down. Send for help if required. 2. Clare needs to have read and understood the school’s behaviour and health and safety policies. This should also be clear on the use of restraint. 3. Claire’s knowledge of the pupil may have helped the situation. She might have been able to identify triggers that upset Marc and result in his poor behaviour. He appears to set the bricks up in that way frequently. Clare could suggest that he plays in another area so that other pupils in the class do not disturb the bricks. She may also want to remind him that the toys are there for everyone to play with and that his behaviour is unacceptable. Case Study 2 1. Cameron should act and intervene immediately and appropriately in accordance with the school’s policy for dealing with bullying. 2. Cameron needs to report the incident to the appropriate senior member of staff. 3. The incident should be reported to the member of staff designated to deal with this type of behaviour in school. 4. Cameron may consider restorative justice; a programme whereby the pupils are encouraged to examine the impact of their behaviour and the effect it has on them and others. He may also want to become involved in agreeing a behaviour support plan with Dani and the rest of the group. 5. Targets may include: Learn to understand and respect the feelings of others, Agree to work through conflicts and disagreements. Help others to resolve conflict and disagreements. Display and encourage positive behaviour.

Censorship In Music Essays - Censorship, Human Sexuality

Censorship In Music Matchmaker.com: Sign up now for a free trial. Date Smarter! Censorship In Music Censorship in music is a topic that has brought about much controversy in the past two decades. There have been many different arguments on the topic, however the question still remains as if it should be censored or it should not be censored. Before you can form an opinion on this, you must hear both sides of the argument on this much-debated topic. Some people believe that music should be censored so all audiences can hear it without it containing any controversial lyrics. Others believe it should not be censored and musical artists should be able to speak, sing, rap, or rhyme freely without anyone censoring them. "Whether a person finds a work obscene depends largely on his or her moral or religious beliefs. These views change with each generation and further complicate the censorship dilemma." (Censorship by, Bradley Steffens page 97) The quote above is very true. Religious or moral beliefs have a great influence on how a person feels about censorship, and as generations pass on the common beliefs on it may change. Right now, America is more uncensored than ever. However, things were very different a few generations ago. Some people believe music should be censored. They believe some of the language musical artists use is vulgar, obscene, and crude. Also the fact that music is played on medias such as radio and television, which are free to listen to by all audiences, and there are many parents that would not wish for their kids to hear foul language. So on radio and televison any controversial language is either silenced, edited out by a soft sound, or some artists make two versions of their songs; one that is made for the artist's album, which is uncensored; and one for televsion and radio with any controversial words change to be acceptable for all audiences. This does not include cable television, which can be audited by parents since the parents must order and pay for the channel to be viewed. "Preventing or punishing speech...is a clear violation of the First Amendment." (Censorship. Opposing Viewpoints by, Greehaven Press page 147). This quote here is the "battle cry" of many anti-censorship groups. When you really think about it, it is a violation of the First Amendment, which says: "Congress shall make no law... abridging the freedom of speech or of the press". The First Amendment guarantees the right to freedom of speech, and censorship is violating peoples' rights to say whatever they want to say. It is sometimes difficult to understand when a child gets punished for using foul language meanwhile the child's parents have the right to critiscize and petition the government whenever they feel the need to do so. Many musical artists feel that when they are forced to change lyrics their rights are being violated. In some artists' songs they like to express their feelings towards somebody or something, and it hurts them to be censored because the new words implemented are not from his or her heart. They feel that they are being held down. Due to the amendment made by our founding fathers I do not believe there will ever be an answer to the question whether or not music should be censored. The way I see it, it should not be censored. Many children often hear explicit language from older siblings or parents at an early age. They believe that since someone they look up to uses those words, they should too. Eventually, everyone will be exposed to language they do not find acceptable. Foul language is not permitted on medias such as television or radio because it is an all audience media. However, on albums the artist is allowed to use any words he or she sees fit. "The vexing question, of course, is, Who should decide what you read or view- the church, the state...or you?" (War of Words: The Censorship Debate by George Beahm page xiii) In my opinion, the answer to that question is: you. Censorship on television channels such as Nickelodeon , or PBS is understandable due to the fact that mostly young children programming is broadcasted on those stations. However I find it unnecessary to censor stations generally viewed by older audiences. It is now a requirement by law for record companies to put stickers on tapes and compact discs that say: "Parental Advisory. Explicit Lyrics". The reason that law was passed was because many angry mothers and fathers sued artists and/or record companies for releasing albums that contained explicit lyrics, and now

CBC STAT Professor Ramos Blog

CBC STAT Its 5 a.m. I’m on the unit doing my job minding my own business. I’m drawing blood on   patient after patient moving along quite nicely. I come of out of my fifth patient’s room I look around and see white coats everywhere. Uh oh, shit is about to hit the fan. My workload doubles in a matter of seconds. I’ve been a phlebotomist for ten years And I quickly learned this is not just about poking and getting blood.   It’s about talking to people. It’s about social skills. About Dealing with difficult people in the midst of difficult circumstances. â€Å"The hospital† is a teaching hospital, therefore the doctors are learning how to be doctors. These are called the residents, the ones in the white coats. The residents round in teams of six to eight with one attending. The attending is the teacher for the residents. Because they are learning how to be doctors, they really don’t know how to order lab tests. This leads to patients being poked four to six times a day minimum.   This in turn leaves the patients very frustrated and angry. Because of the size of the teams and the amount of patients they need to see, they don’t always talk to each other, causing many problems. Not only do they order the same lab tests over and over, they order them incorrectly. â€Å"Can we add a lactate to that?†, he so rudely asks as I have the needle in the patient’s arm. ( No I can’t add it. He couldn’t have told this before I came in the room?) Likewise most of the doctors do not have a good bedside manner or manners in general.   This is very frustrating to be around but I have to work with them so I learn to ignore it or shrug it off. This is not something that can be taught in a book like all of their other material, it is a process learned over time.   It’s pretty funny sometimes, to watch doctors who go to school for ten years, struggle with what to say to people. Due to the HIPAA law, it makes it more frustrating for me to do my job. This law doesn’t allow me to get mentally prepared before I go into the room. Sometimes I’m shocked at what I see, from a man with no face to an amputee.   HIPAA is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. This healthcare law provides security provisions and data privacy to keep patients medical information safe. This law is so strict that I’m not even allowed to tell the patients what I’m drawing their blood for. Therefore as a phlebotomist, I don’t even know why they’re in the hospital or what they have. If a patient has HIV, the nurse is supposed to tell me but often times she does not. When I walk in the room I never know what I’m walking into. This can be shocking not only visually but emotionally. Their condition directly effects their emotional state and their attitude.   I get smacked in the face with it. I saw a man with no face, his jaw was taken off, the top of his mouth and his nose. This man was not pleasant but I wouldn’t be either if someone took off my face. I could barely keep a straight face. Patients rip out their IV’S. There are dialysis patients, patients with liver failure, these patients are usually yellow. Patients are confused and often combative, they scream, hit, cry, and complain. All these physical conditions directly affect how hard it is to get their blood, physically and Socially. The sicker they are the more frustrated and rude they are. â€Å"You can’t get my blood, I’m a hard stick, they poked me 10 times in the ER† I hear this at least five times a day. Or my personal favorite, â€Å"Good luck, my veins are small and they roll.† I can get it, the nurses in ER couldn’t draw blood to save their life. I can’t tell the patient that though. Most nurses are rude.   Nurses are not the caring gentle people you might think. Some of them only become nurses for the money. Wrong move, those people do not belong holding someones life in their hands.   The nurses that do care become hardened to the things they see on a daily basis. I can understand. Nurses can draw blood too, they just don’t try. So I have to do it. â€Å"Do you have have a BMP for room 6 bed 2?† she says with a demeaning tone. Yes I have it here. â€Å"Can you do it next hes going to CT?’ And she walks away. Although its been ten years and now I’m an expert at drawing blood I don’t think its possible to ever be an expert in dealing with these people. I’m human of course and get frustrated too. It’s the field we’re in. We see some daunting things, it’s hard to watch. As a result people become hardened, Usually this happens by default and without the person being aware. It has advantages though. It would not be good if a doctor or nurse cried every time they learned a patient took a turn for the worse. Watching this transformation from sweet to hardened keeps me aware. I don’t ever want to become that way. Learning to deal with these people gives me motivation to be grateful. Its hard to be in a bad mood when I’m drawing a patient with a colostomy bag, or an amputee, or when the patient is crying because they are overwhelmed with their diagnosis.   After a while the procedure gets easier and easier, however it is oftentimes very heartbreaking to constantly see people hurting.   And It is easy to get caught up in the chaos, to get lost in the procedure, in the hustle bustle of the day.   It does help when the cancer patient I am drawing is the one cheering me up. I catch myself complaining about some silly little thing like forgetting to return an item to the store or because I’m not happy with my coworkers. The person in the hospital bed struggling for their life offers me a better perspective and tells me they will pray for me. It really makes me grateful for my health and for JESUS. I get a quick reality check. I’m Healthy, I’m working in the A.C. Li ving in beautiful southern California. I have a lot to be grateful for. I didn’t learn these lessons from just one patient, one nurse, or one doctor. I learned this through many of them over time. Nor did I learn it from one or two situations. It didn’t happen only once and then I learned and was a better person immediately after.   It doesn’t work that way, at least not the way I learn. It wasn’t easy learning to deal with these people, it took patience and practice. It was a long process but now I can usually let it roll off my shoulders. I am grateful because this a skill I can now use anywhere I go and for the rest of my life.

Implementation and Analysis of The Fiscal Cliff contained in the U.S Essay

Implementation and Analysis of The Fiscal Cliff contained in the U.S. Budget Control Act of 2011 - Essay Example Bush had enacted a string of tax cuts during the period of his administration in the United States. The question that is of concern at present is that which of these tax cuts are to extended and or what period. The provisions of the tax cuts reinforced in the years of 2001 and 2003 had been extended until the end of the year 2012 (Levit, 2011, p. 12). These tax cuts considerably reduced the rates of personal income taxes and eliminated the estate tax. It also had created low rates of tax on dividends. Critics of this tax system, mostly the Democrats, held responsible such reduction in taxes for fuelling the federal budget deficit. It has been found that the increase in â€Å"the top two marginal tax rates† (Huang & Marr, 2012) would not adversely affect many small businesses. If the Bush tax cuts are allowed to be extended then it would keep many affluent individuals’ income out of the taxable income zone. For the small businesses to thrive, they require the boost of hi gher sales. It is not likely that small businesses would expand following a tax cut, thereby creating more employment opportunity by hiring more workers, if they do not find a good market for selling their products. Tax cuts on high income brackets are not effective enough to boost economic growth in the long run. Therefore the argument is strong for the expiry of the Bush Tax cuts. From the extension of these tax cuts, it is estimated that almost $1trillion would get added to the deficits over the ten years from 2013 to 2022. Spending Component of the Act – Across-the-Board spending cuts in the Federal government budget â€Å"The Budget Control Act (BCA) of 2011† (Saturno & Heniff, 2009, p. 17-5) presents the methods in which the across-the-board cuts in spending would be implemented. The across the board cuts on spending would be triggered if the Joint Committee fails to reach the agreement on deficit reduction. The report has two parts. The first part of the report outlines the method to be followed for the FY2013 and the second part caters to the process to be followed in the period of eight years between FY2014 to FY2021. The procedure planned for the span of the next eight years is quite different from that of the year fiscal 2013. The deficit reduction proposal released by President Obama in April 2011 includes the two components; â€Å"spending cuts and tax reform† (Levit, n.d., p. 4). This proposal includes a â€Å"Debt Failsafe† technique. This incorporates a debt-to-GDP ratio which is to be stabilized by the FY2014 and decline after that year. However, if it is not accomplished, â€Å"across the board spending cuts† (Levit, n.d., p. 4) would automatically be triggered and tax expenditures would also be reduced simultaneously. There would be an approximate cut of nine percent annually in non-defense programs as well as another nine percent in defense programs (Kogan, 2011). For FY2013, the funding for each of the di scretionary programs would be reduced proportionally. In this year the president can allow the military personnel funding to be exempted from the sequestration. Depending on this the cuts in spending on other defense programs would increase. In the fiscal years from 2014 to 2021, in each year there would be â€Å"reductions in the statutory cap on total funding for non-defense discretionary programs† (Kogan, 2011). â€Å"Sequestration† – what does it mean? Sequestration is a process in which certain policy goals of the budget are met or enforced through

How is nature social Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

How is nature social - Essay Example Such transformations have not only touched on issues concerning natural scientists alone, but also the social scientists, the general public, and environmental groups. Environmental groups, with the aid of the media, guaranteed that, by the 1980s, concepts such as â€Å"ozone holes† and the â€Å"greenhouse effect† would be part of everyday vocabulary. An intricate juxtaposition of scientific developments, technological advances and ideological changes, coupled with consequences of the economic growth, has changed the way in which individuals conceive social representations of nature (Leslie and Evernden 1992, p.4). The paper explores the concept â€Å"social constriction of nature,† which has lately become a crude, but universal term describing various understandings of nature, knowledge, and the world. The essay explores the transformation of the physical environment into landscapes via cultural symbols and how the landscapes mirror individuals’ definiti ons of themselves. ... owever, the philosophy, history, and sociology of science in the last two decades have largely asserted and confirmed the relativism of any distinct scientific claims regarding nature (Crist 2004, p.6). Scientific understandings of nature (inclusive of ecological understandings) have frequently been criticized for being mechanistic. In the last two decades, dissatisfaction with positivism has been rife with many theorists appreciating the roles of culture and language in individuals’ perception and understanding of the nature (Whatmore 2005, p.18). It is apparent that naive forms of realism in which nature is a directly perceptible entity that is concisely available to all irrespective of experience, cultural context, or motivation have not been successful. However, among some social scientists, the stress on cultural factors has replaced, rather than complemented biological explanation, which reflects the swing of the epistemological pendulum from biologism (1950s) to the pre occupation with culture (Bird 1987, p.255). Models of Nature Models of nature have typically referred to ecological, or more commonly, scientific understandings and have rarely included cultural factors. Recently, however, there has been a significant step towards defining the nature as a â€Å"social construction.† This translates to the notion that nature is an artefact of human, social and linguistic capability. Vivien Burr suggests â€Å"what individuals regard as truth is mainly a creation, not of objective observation of the world, but of the social processes and interactions† (1995, p.4). Equally, Peter Mason advances that â€Å"reality† is itself a product reflecting the activity of individuals’ imagination (1990, p.15). Language plays a critical role in this construction. According to

Pharmacology Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Pharmacology - Case Study Example This is a case study of the condition of VG and an explanation of the dosage that that would fit her condition. The VG patient seems to be experiencing common symptoms of high thyroid levels. These include excessive fatigue. Being a professional, I would ask if the patients were experiencing constipation and dryness. Several tests would also be important in establishing the how properly the thyroid gland is functioning in the body. One of these tests would be a serum (blood) T3 to keenly look into the properties in the blood and hormones of VG. There are also symptoms such as difficulty in breathing, appearance of hot flashes on her skin and muscle or joint pain that I would look out for (Razvi, Weaver, Butler, Pearce, 2012 811). Keenly looking into these factors and testing using serum would give a clear indication of the ailment that VG is suffering from. The test, would therefore, be helpful in enabling the identification of the exact problem as well as the administration of the correct drugs to treat the condition that VG is suffering from. The tests would enable the proper identification of the therapy that I would Institute for VG (Brandt, Green, Hegedà ¼s, Brix, 2011, 491). The previous THS level was 4.2 mIL/L, and it was from about a year ago. These results were already an indication of slight elevations in her TSH levels at the time. However, the abnormality went unchecked. The current TH level that is at 9.8 mIL/L and has a free of 0.72 ng/dl reflects a much higher increase of the THS levels from a year ago. This, therefore, shows that there could be a problem in the patient that would result in complications. It is also due to this elevation in the THS levels that the patient is experiencing these symptoms. These symptoms are an indication that the patient could be suffering from hypothyroidism. It is most likely due to the high levels of THS and the low levels in the thyroid in the patient. It explains the reason as to

Statistical Analysis of Cricket Matches

Statistical Analysis of Cricket Matches Abstract The effect of playing home or away and many other factors, such as batting first or second, winning or losing the toss, have been hypothesised as influencing the outcome of major cricket matches. Anecdotally, it has often been noted that Subcontinental sides (India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh) tend to perform much better on the Subcontinent than away from it. In 2009, Joshi published an article in the Royal Meteorological Society Journal Weather which suggested that the prevailing weather conditions were more important to the results of the Ashes test series in Australia than were the relative strengths of the teams. In this paper, focusing on results of mens One Day International (ODI) matches involving England, I investigate the extent to which a number of factors including playing home or away (or the continent of the venue), batting or fielding first, winning or losing the toss, the mean temperature and humidity during the game, the condition of the pitch, and the strength of each teams top batting and bowling resources influence the outcome of matches. I employ a variety of Statistical techniques, and conclude that the continent of the venue does appear to be a major factor affecting the result, but winning the toss does not. In the second part of this study, I will use any significant factors to attempt to build a Binary Logistic Regression Model that will predict the chance of England winning at different stages of a game. The study also looks at using this model to consider different gambling techniques to see which would have created the most profit for past games. Introduction 1.1 Understanding the Basics of ODIs A One-Day International (ODI) is a game of cricket between two International teams. The team that wins a coin toss has the choice to either bat or bowl in the first innings. The team batting first have a maximum of 50 overs or 10 wickets to score as many runs as they can, this is more commonly known as setting a total. An over consists of 6 balls from one bowler and the following over must be 6 balls from a different bowler from the opposite end of the pitch. Each bowler is allowed a maximum of 10 overs each. The first innings will be complete when either all 300 legitimate deliveries have been bowled or all 10 wickets have been lost. The team batting second then have 50 overs and 10 wickets to score more runs than their opponents, this is referred to as chasing a total. 1.2 History of cricket formats Cricket has been a game played in England for hundreds of years, and it is believed that it may date back to 1500. However, the earliest records available are from the early 17th century. There are currently 3 popular formats of the sport played at International level and below. The longest format of the game is either called a Test Match in International cricket or a first-class match in domestic cricket. Test matches are played between two nations which have reached Test status. This is determined by the International Cricket Council (ICC). In a test match, both teams have two innings each to accumulate more runs than their opponents. Test matches have a maximum time allowance of 5 days, if the result of the game is not already decided at the end of day 5, then the match ends as a draw. Throughout history, there have been games that have lasted more than 5 days, however in recent years this has been a strict guideline. The most famous case of an extended test match was when England toured South Africa in 1939; the game was extended to the 9th day to produce a result, however when England required only 41 more runs to win, the England players had to leave the ground to catch the last ferry home and the match ended in a draw. (sahistory, 2014) First-class is a term that describes the highest level of domestic cricket played within each of the cricketing nations. Each nation has a first-class competition which must also consist of two innings each and last at least 3-days. In England, first-class cricket is a 4-day competition played between 18 counties. This was the only format of the game throughout the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. County cricket is where all England cricketers develop their game, and Moores and Tickner (2016) say that The key to improvement is not to radically overhaul our county system. It is to embrace it. This is regarding ongoing controversy towards the argument that the English county system is at fault for Englands failures. A 2015 ar ticle written by Kevin Pietersen entitled Broken county system is damaging our national side is a key example of this, where Pietersen argues that bowlers arent quick enough and too much cricket makes county players fatigued. However, Moores and Tickner are stating that there are many talented cricketers in the county circuit, who are overlooked due to their lack of international experience, and the only way for them to gain experience is to be given a chance. They argue that the blame for Englands failures often comes through not using the top county cricketers, rather than the county system itself. The first ever official Test match was in 1877, when England narrowly lost to Australia at the Melbourne cricket ground. Then 5 years later, when England lost to Australia at home, The Sporting Times printed a mock obituary of English cricket which concluded that The body will be cremated and the ashes taken to Australia. (Lords, 2016). This was the start of the infamous Ashes series that is still contested today between the 2 nations. Limited Overs cricket was first introduced in 1951 in a small town in Kerala, India. KV Kellappan Thampuran formed the Tripunithura Cricket club before coming up with the idea of playing a one-day game. (Kerala Cricket Association, 2016). It was adopted into County Cricket in England in 1962 when the Midlands knock-out cup took place between Northamptonshire, Leicestershire, Derbyshire and Nottingham and was 65 overs per side. In 1969, there was a change in the law which allowed more sporting events to take place on a Sunday. (Miller and Tickner, 2016). This was an opening for Sunday League cricket, where counties would play a limited overs game on the Sunday following a first-class match in the week. The number of overs per side have since been reduced to 60, 50, 45 and 40. (BBC cricket, 2006). The first ODI was played on 5 January 1971 when the first 3 days of a test match between Australia and England were washed out, so a one-off 1-day game consisting of 40 8-ball overs was arranged. This game was played with white kits and a red ball. Soon after this, ODI cricket caught on and became increasingly popular towards the end of the 1970s, the World Series Cricket was organised and the 1979 season saw the start of coloured kits with a white ball and 50 6-ball overs in ODIs. This was an unpopular decision at the time as it was only done to fit in more advert breaks. (Jackson, 2014). However, these advert breaks allowed more money to come into the game to be spent on, not only player development, but players wages to make cricket a more appealing profession. Until these advert breaks came in, most cricketers would be working two jobs and now that cricket could be their main priority, there was a big increase in terms of fitness, technique and overall development of the game. ODIs have changed a lot since the 1970s; there are now fielding restrictions, powerplays and other factors that have led to scores increasing within 50 overs. In the 1980s a score of 250 in 60 overs was thought of as a good total, but whilst this study is taking place, in 2017, teams are looking to set a total of 300 in most matches. Below is a table taken from howstat.com showing the top 20 ODI scores in history. Table: Top 20 ODI team totals. Taken from howstat.com Here you can see that all the top 20 scores have been in the last 11 years, even though ODIs have been around for 46 years and ODIs in the 20th Century were often 55 or 60 overs. For this reason, when I investigate factors that influence the chance of England winning an ODI, I only take data from the 21st Century as I believe the statistics from earlier ODIs are almost irrelevant to todays game. Twenty20 (T20) cricket is the newest cricket format. Each side has just 20 overs each to score more runs than their opponents. However, the number of resources (wickets) stays the same, allowing for a more attacking style of play throughout the whole game since losing wickets is not as harmful to the team. The cricketing authorities were looking to boost the games popularity with the younger generation in response to dwindling crowds and reduced sponsorship. (Cricketnext, 2009). 1.3 Why ODIs? There are several reasons I have chosen to use ODI statistics rather than Test matches or T20s. The overall aim of the study is not only to find significant factors that influence the outcome of cricket matches, but also to use these factors to be able to predict the chance of England winning a game. I believe that Test matches end in a draw too often to build a win predictor, and Frank Duckworth (2001) said one of the great weaknesses of first class cricket is that the most usual result is a draw. This doesnt mean that the two sides have performed equally, but that the game was unfinished when time ran out. Through collecting data from cricinfo.com and taking the means of draws per country in test match history tells us that there is a 32.07% chance that a Test match will end in a draw. This could be due to defensive tactics as the game lasts much longer than other forms of cricket. Bad weather conditions can also take a whole day or more out of the match and this coupled with the m ore defensive style can make it harder to get a result. From the first ODI game up until the 19th July 2016, 33 out of 3764 games resulted in a tie, meaning that less than 1% (0.87%) of matches have been tied. This is clearly a much lower percentage than in test matches. Also, when an ODI produces this result, it is usually because the game deserves to be a tie as the two sides have performed equally rather than any other factors. The less ties result will allow me to build a win predictor more accurately. T20 is a relatively new format of cricket where teams go away from typical tactics and playing proper cricket shots and instead use a hit out or get out style of play. This means that it is much harder to predict who will win a T20 game as one good individual performance can all but win the game. For example, if one batsman scored 100 in a T20 match, even if the rest of the team only gained another 30 runs, a total of 130 could still win the game. Comparatively, in ODIs much more of a team effort is required, and a sustained performance is needed to win the game. There are also not as many patterns in T20 games, as usually, the whole 20 overs are spent attacking. Whereas ODIs require defence, patience, tactical field settings and tactical batting in terms of when to up the run rate. In an ODI series usually the better or higher ranked team will come out on top. However, in T20 matches this is much more unpredictable, and countries such as Afghanistan and the Netherlands have had succ ess in T20 format, despite the latter not being in the 2017 ICC ODI rankings (ICC 2017). 1.4 D/L Method One issue which has always been present in cricket is that bad weather conditions, especially rain, will often affect games, especially in limited overs cricket. For the first 30 minutes of delay there are no overs lost, then every 5 minutes after this there is 1 over lost per side. For an ODI to be completed there must be at least 20 overs per side played. There is usually no reserve day for a game that ends as a no result, due to tight scheduling. To minimalise the impact of weather factors that cannot be controlled, the Duckworth-Lewis (D/L) method is used to calculate the target scored for the team batting second where the rain has interrupted the game. It is a mathematical formulation that takes in to consideration how many overs and wickets remain so the game has a higher chance of ending in a result. The fundamental basis of the Duckworth/Lewis (D/L) method is that we do not correct the target by the proportion of overs lost, but by the proportion of the total run-scoring reso urces lost. (Duckworth 2001) There have been many previous attempts at creating a system to set a total so that games can be completed, including the average run rate (ARR) method and the most productive overs (MPO) method. The average run rate method was used to set a total, and it did this by taking the average number of runs scored per over x the reduced innings. The problem with ARR is that it is too simplistic, and gave an unfair advantage to the team batting second if there was rain. The most productive overs method was introduced by the Australians and it set the target to chase by reducing the total based on the number of runs scored in the most productive overs. However, this did not take in to account when the overs were lost and could result in a very unfair target. (Duckworth and Lewis 2012) As an aside, a way to solve the problems of weather affected matches could be coming in the form of indoor cricket. The first indoor match to be played was an ODI between Australia and South Africa on the 16th August 2000 (Ramaraj 2013). However, this has not caught on around the world despite the promise of a full days play. Jonty Rhodes (Grunill and Lillywhite 2005), a South Africa player in the game, said there were problems to overcome, namely the fact that players were looking up at the lights even when the ball was at head height as the lighting was not on pylons. 1.5 Initial Variables Winning the Toss The coin toss is contested between the home and away captain 30 minutes prior to the first ball being bowled. The captains will go out onto the pitch and before contesting the toss they will assess the conditions to help them make their choice of batting or bowling first. Some of the conditions they consider are also variables I have looked at in this study. In the 17th century it is believed that the winning captain also got to choose which pitch was used for the game, a job that is now left to the umpires. Hypothesis 1: Winning the toss will significantly increase the chance of winning an ODI. Batting or bowling first Upon winning the toss, the captain is left with the strategic decision between batting first or second. Some people believe that a team should bat first and produce a psychological hurdle for the second team to overcome. Other people believe that there is an advantage in batting second as the score required has already been produced. (de Silva and Swartz, 1998). Some people also believe that it is best to look at several factors before making the choice of batting or bowling first. Hypothesis 2: There will be no significant increase in the chance of winning an ODI by always batting or bowling first.       Home or Away Home team advantage is believed to be a significant factor in most, if not all sports. In a 2008 study Measurement and Interpretation of Home Advantage, Stefani says that the biggest factors believed to lead to home team advantage are travel fatigue, home team spectator support and home team familiarity. In ODI cricket, travel fatigue should not be too much of a factor as teams will usually arrive at the opposition country a week or 2 before the series. Morley and Thomas (2005) find that attendance figures at English cricket matches do not give any significant advantage to the home team. They do however state that in certain venues this may not be the case. This leaves us with home team familiarity, and I believe this factor weighs heavily in the outcome of ODI matches. The average score at a ground in England can be very different from a ground in another continent. For example, the average run rate in ODIs at the Kia Oval in London, United Kingdom is 4.84 and the average run rate in Lahore, Pakistan is 5.24. (howstat, 2017). Both grounds have been hosting ODIs since the 1970s. This means that teams must change their mindset about what is a good 1st innings total when they play away from home. Weather conditions and cricket pitches also vary in different countries and continents. There are 9 official test teams in the ICC rankings and each of these countries has a usual type of pitch. The term dead pitch is used to describe pitches that are flat and offer little help for bowlers. Dead pitches are the most common wickets that are prepared these daysà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. the most common pitch type in ODIs. (cricketequipmentusa, 2017). These pitches are often found in Australia, South Africa and the West Indies. English pitches are usually encouraging for fast bowlers; pitches are often referred to as green tops. These pitches are also found in New Zealand and sometimes South Africa, they have a thin layer of grass which helps to produce swing and seam. Overcast and windy conditions are often present in England, which can correspondingly assist the ball to swing. Pitches on the subcontinent are often the opposite, where wickets are dry and dusty. The subcontinent is a term used to describe a large part of Asia, and includes the 4 big cricketing nations; India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. The lack of rain in the subcontinent means no green on the pitches and the dr yness creates a lot of spin and uneven bounce. This is undoubtedly the reason why subcontinent teams have produced some of the best spin bowlers and why teams like England seem to struggle when playing away there. Hypothesis 3: England perform significantly better at home than anywhere else. Hypothesis 4: England perform significantly worse in the subcontinent than anywhere else. The first section of my study will test the variables mentioned above using a three-way ANOVA table. I test for statistical significance (