Phil. 101 Metaphysics Essay Example for Free

Phil. 101 Metaphysics Essay Philosophy stemmed from the early Greek religions and myths, in search for answers to their questions about life. From early B. C. till today people still have questions about life and after-life, what is real and what is reality. Philosophy has dozens of subdivisions within it, one being metaphysics. Metaphysics is the study of the nature of reality, and within metaphysics there are three more divisions materialism, idealism, and hylemorphism. Each philosopher fits into one category more then others. I have chosen to write about Aristotle, Plato, and Histories because I feel they each fit into a category with little confusion as to where they belong in metaphysics. Materialism falls all the way on the left of the spectrum. Materialism is defined as all reality is only and ever matter. This is the mindset of nothing happens after death, or if the tree falls and no one hears it there is no sound. I interpreted this as a pessimistic, dull outlook because it left little room for imagination. As I read Aristotle’s piece Metaphysics’ it really opened my eyes to materialism. On page one he says, â€Å" A sign of this is out liking for the senses; for even apart from their usefulness we like them for themselves—especially the sense of sight, since we choose seeing above practically all the others, not only as an aid to action, but also when we have no intention of acting. † If one were to break this down Aristotle says we as humans use our senses not only for the innate purpose, the most used sense is sight because it helps when doing something or nothing at all. This quote showed materialism because I related it the tree falling, because no one used his or her senses to hear the tree fall therefore nothing happened when it fell. Aristotle explains that if one does not know if something is real by using his or her senses then it is nothing at all. Idealism lies on the right of the spectrum as far from materialism as possible. Idealism is defined, as all reality is only and ever the result of my subjective interpretation. As I browsed through Plato’s work I noticed he made many references to god. These references canceled out materialism for Plato because materialists do not believe in god(s), because there has never been a physical god. As I looked more in depth in Plato’s work, the work showed doing good by god and soul for the after life. In Plato’s Euthyphro, Euthyphro stresses piety, a religious devotion, if fact the entire dialogue is based on the pious thing to do. Euthyphro says, â€Å" I would certainly say that the pious is what all the gods love, and the opposite, what all the gods hates, is the impious. † Because the pious thing is what the gods’ love and that is a belief, which shows idealism because it is a belief and not matter. At the end of Plato’s dialogue Apology, Socrates is sentences to death, he makes a reference to when he dies he will meet with all the other men who have died for his the same reason and they share their experiences, but no one truly knows what happens after death except the gods. Idealism is based upon a subjective world, meaning it is what one believes it to be. Plato’s entire story The Allegory of the Cave represents idealism completely. This is a story Socrates based on his view of the education system. It began with prisoners in a cave who only saw shadows of puppets, heard random noises, and the only source of light was a fire. They know nothing other then what they are shown but they were to interpret the puppets in their own way, eventually a prisoner will be freed to leave and will come back because that was all they knew. Although the story is flawed and sad it represented the idealism because the prisoners had the freedom to imagine what the wished even with no knowledge of what it was. In between materialism and idealism, hylemorphism blossoms. Hylemorphism is defined, as all reality is a distinct, non-separable combination of matter and form. This section of metaphysic allows space for matter to change form and a little more room for imagination in general. In A Pre-Socratics Reader I believe Diogenes Laertius and Herodotus to be the most hylemorphism philosophers. As materialism and idealism believe in two completely different experiences after death, I think hylemorphism think that people reincarnate because they believe that forms will change. Laertius tells a story of a man beating a puppy and as he heard the puppy’s cry he asked the man to stop because it was the cries of the soul of a friend of his. Herodotus says, â€Å" †¦ the human soul is immortal, and each time the body perishes it enters into another animal as it is born. † The pre-socratics has dozens of philosophers that have the same thoughts or views as these two men, which represent hylemorphism just as well. As I broken down metaphysics into the three general categories, it can be broken down more and have more philosophers in each category. Philosophy is not set in stone; it is all set upon interpretation. Some may feel completely different about Aristotle’s positions on the spectrum or even Laertius’, philosophers will never true have a set category in metaphysic.

Memory - Our Version of History :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Memory - Our Version of History How the memory works in the human mind continues to fascinate those who look. It has the ability to take in everything that our senses can give to it, store all of that information, and then recall both recent and past recollections upon our request. Patricia Hampl discovers in her own personal recollection "an unsettling disbelief about the reliability of memory, a hunch that memory is not, after all, just memory" (131). Psychiatrists, psychologists, and writers continue to study the mystery in the relationship between the mind and the memory: the objective past, the invention of our own version of history, and the symbolism in personal memories with respect to self-reflection. Hampl reflects to discover she invents in her memoir of the piano lesson. Returning thirty years later to a special place in his memory, Stephen Jay Gould "had conflated the most prominent symbol of my old neighborhood, the tennis stadium, with an important personal place" (116). I can see how this happens when a person sometimes adds a little color or excitement in retelling a story to keep the attention of the audience in everyday life. But these accomplished authors are writing memoirs, not fiction, and their memories are still partial untruths. Could my written memories contain untruths as their written memories do? The only way I may find the answer is to write about the first memory I remember as a child. It is a long time ago and I remember that I am three years old. Daddy is holding me near his shoulder and I have my arms around his neck. We are in Sacred Heart Church by ourselves. Daddy just keeps looking straight ahead. His glasses are resting on his nose that protrudes so far from his face. I think about his nose because we always play "noseys" before I go to bed at night. His tinted glasses are hiding his eyes that always smile at me. I want to see his smiling eyes but right now I can see the top of his head better. Daddy does not have much hair on the top of his head. It reminds me of when he says, "The beard on my face makes up for the lack of hair on my head." I laugh to myself and remember telling him to move his beard to the top of his head but to leave his mustache where it is.

Negotiation Jujitsu

What if They Won’t Play (Use Negotiation Jujitsu) Getting to YesNegotiating Agreement Without Giving In By Roger Fisher and William Ury Vikas Singh Ed Hill What if They Won’t Play †¢ Theymaystatetheirpositioninunequivocal terms †¢ Concernedonlywithmaximizingtheirowngains †¢ Theymayattackyouinplaceofattackingthe problems Three Basic Strategies †¢ What you can do †¢ What they can do – Negotiation Jujitsu †¢ What a third party can do – One Text Mediation Procedure Negotiation Jujitsu Three Basic Maneuvers Asserting their position forcefully †¢ Attacking your ideas †¢ Attacking you Don’t attack their position, look behind it †¢ Neither reject nor accept the position †¢ Treat it as one possible option †¢ Look for interest and principles behind it †¢ Think of ways to improve it Don’t defend your ideas, invite criticism and advice †¢ Invite criticism, instead of resisting it †¢ As k them what is wrong with a particular idea or an option †¢ Use their criticism and advice to find out their underlying interests and principles †¢ Rework your ideas in light of what you learnRecast an attack on you as an attack on the problem †¢ Resist the temptation to defend yourself or attack them †¢ Listen to them †¢ Understand what they are saying †¢ Recast their attack on you as an attack on the problem Ask questions and pause †¢ Use questions instead of statements †¢ Silence One-text procedure Call in a third party to: †¢ Separate the people from the problem †¢ Direct the discussion to interests and options †¢ Suggest impartial basis for resolving differences †¢ Separate invention from decision making How does a third party do this Asksabouttheinterestsratherthanpositions †¢ Learnallabouttheirneedsandinterests †¢ Suggest a provisional solution/recommendation †¢ Askthemtocritiqueitorsuggestimprovements †¢ Improvisetherecommendationinlightofinputs †¢ Presentthefinalsolution Getting them to play: The case of Jones Realty and Frank Turnbull †¢$600 rent per month †¢Apartment under rent control†¢Max rent at $466 per month †¢Mrs. Jones reimburses after several long principled negotiation sessions Stock Phrases †¢ â€Å"Please correct me if I’m wrong. † †¢ â€Å"We appreciate what you’ve done for us. †¢ â€Å"Our concern is fairness† †¢ â€Å"We would like to settle this on the basis of Independent standards, not of who can do what to whom† †¢ â€Å"Trust is a separate issue† Stock Phrases (cont. ) †¢ â€Å"CouldIaskyouafewquestionstoseewhether my facts are right? † †¢ â€Å"What’stheprinciplebehindyouraction? † †¢ â€Å"LetmeseeifIunderstandwhatyou’resaying† †¢ â€Å"Letmegetbacktoyou† †¢ â€Å"Let me show you where I have trouble following some of your reasoning Stock Phrases (cont. ) †¢ â€Å"One fair solution might be. † †¢ â€Å"If we agree.. If we disagree. † â€Å"We’d be happy to see if we can leave when it’s most convenient for you† †¢ â€Å"It’s been a pleasure dealing with you† â€Å"Please correct me If I’m wrong† †¢ Establish dialogue based on reason †¢ Invitation to participate†¢ Good probability you won’t â€Å"lose face† †¢ Opening to correction and persuasion sets the tone â€Å"We appreciate what you’ve done for us† †¢ Through support, separate people from problem †¢ Defuses self-image threat †¢ Other side now has something to lose: – Praise and support â€Å"Our concern is fairness† †¢ Take basic stand on principle †¢ Remain open Both ends and means to accomplish ends are principled â€Å"We would like to settle this on the basis of independent standards, no of who can do what to whom† †¢ Don’t lose temper- and thus, control †¢ Bring negotiation back to merits †¢ Good example of negotiation jujitsu †¢ Reinforces principled negotiation â€Å"Trust is a separate Issue† †¢ Slip out of corner†¢ Remain firm on the principle â€Å"Could I ask you a few questions to see whether my facts are right? † †¢ Statements of fact can be threatening, questions are better †¢ Phrasing info as questions allows open participation Lays foundation for agreed upon facts â€Å"What’s the principle behind your action? † †¢ A principled negotiator neither accepts nor rejects other side’s opinion †¢ Leads other side to search for reasons †¢ Negotiation continues on principle â€Å"Let me see If I understand what you’re saying† †¢ Principled negotiation requires good communication †¢ Other side more l ikely to listen and be more receptive â€Å"Let me get back to you† †¢ Good negotiator rarely makes important decisions on the spot †¢ Timeanddistancehelptoseparatepeoplefrom problem Goodnegotiatorscomestotablewithcredible reason for leaving †¢ Allowsdiscussionwithconstituents(Paul)†¢ Freshcommitmenttoprinciplednegotiation â€Å"Let me show you where I have trouble following some of your reasoning† †¢ Present reasons before offering proposal †¢ Proposal first will often lead to other side not listening to reasons – Considering counterproposals â€Å"One fair solution might be. † †¢ Proposal not as yours, but as fair option †¢ Proposal not as only solution, but one fair solution â€Å"If we agree.. If we disagree. † †¢ Try to make it easy for other side †¢ Trickiest part is to communicate the alternative Use of third party – Creates distance, thus, separation of people from problems†¢ Don ’t always reveal BATNA â€Å"We’d be happy to see if we can leave when it’s most convenient for you† †¢ Incorporate other side’s interests †¢ Allows for other side to â€Å"save face† †¢ Other side feels good about agreement â€Å"It’s been a pleasure dealing with you† †¢ End on a good note †¢ Reestablishes principle of separation of people from problem †¢ Relationship maintained Summary †¢ You can get the other side to play principled negotiation, even if they don’t want to at first †¢ Principled negotiation, negotiation jujitsu, or a third party all work

US Soldiers and Their Relationship With Society in...

US Soldiers and Their Relationship With Society in America After the Vietnam War Imagine playing in the NCAA National Championship game in front of 50,000 people and millions of others watching via their televisions at home. After an intensely fought game the final score indicates that a loss was suffered. Hopes and dreams of winning a National Championship are gone and one can only contemplate what could have gone the other way and what may be in store for next season on the journey home. Once arriving to campus the cheers and mass distributions of congrats are heard by those in the surrounding society for the effort and hard work exhibited by the players on the team. Although defeat was endured, positivity still lingered amongst†¦show more content†¦A complete history of Vietnam from an individual perspective Discomfort on the part of the society of America began to become more apparent and on October 15, 1965 one of the first demonstrations against the war occurred in New York City. More than 25,000 people attended the event of protest. World War II veterans against the war at Vietnam began getting harassed by supporters of the war and the negative image Vietnam would portray started coming into focus (2). The rallies of those against the war continued throughout the nation during the entire length of the war and from 1969 to 1973 â€Å"the original negative image of the Vietnam veteran was born† (3). A division amongst society quickly became apparent in those against the war and those for or fighting in the war at Vietnam. Avoiding the draft was practiced by numerous individuals who did not want to be succumbed to the negativity of America. American citizen, Adam Edwards said of the draft situation, â€Å"As I look back at it now, I would have postponed my schooling and gone with my initial feeling of joining the war. I was not in fear of what could happen in Vietnam but rather how much the community around me would have disapproved of my participating (4). As the end of the war approached in the North Vietnamese’ surrounding of the US embassy at Saigon, the tally of American lives taken by the war exceeded 50,000 people. The actual conflict was never definedShow MoreRelatedThe Vietnam War Was A Long And Bloody1502 Words   |  7 Pages The Vietnam War was a long and bloody one. The war began on November 1, 1955 and ended on April 30, 1975. The war lasted nearly 20 years. Over this period, 9,087,000 men from United States were deployed, 58,220 were killed and more than 300,000 were wounded. The war also killed an estimated 2 million Vietnamese civilians, 1.1 million North Vietnamese troops, and 200,000 South Vietnamese troops. The Vietnam War was the first war America ever lost and this lost would lead to a heavy impact on theRead More Sweetheart of the Song of Tra Bong as Metaphor Essay1150 Words   |  5 PagesSweetheart of the Song of Tra Bong as Metaphor  Ã‚   The Vietnam War is a strange and unexplainable event in American history. 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Most Americans at theRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1459 Words   |  6 Pages1950’s, the Vietnam War turned to be the modern pinnacle for battles resulting in the deaths of 58,000 American soldiers and millions of Vietnamese death. It saw the viable destruction of modern technology such as the newly fashioned M-16 rifle and the Apache, a helicopter made for mass destruction. For the soldiers experiencing Vietnam, it was truly an experience which would shape their hearts and minds forever. As evidenced in Tim O’ Brien’s The Things They Carried, The Vietnam Wa r was an emotionalRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Miss Saigon Essay1310 Words   |  6 Pagesyear old war orphaned prostitute, Kim and a US GI Soldier, Chris who are torn apart during the fall of Saigon. Set in the Vietnam War these characters are constantly challenged while the city explodes with conflicting cultures matched with the horrors of war and the ever changing effects of the power of love. Chris meets Kim in the nightclub where she works and from that moment to two fall in love but however regardless of the fact that Chris helps to get a Kim a visa out of Vietnam when the US militaryRead MoreThe Discovery of a Time Capsule1640 Words   |  7 Pagesthe other hand, there are a few times in history that are shaped by famous personalities and known as their age. 1960 was a major year in the political history of America as we know through internet sources. Yet, the time capsule we recently found shows us much more than that. It tells us things besides the stats and numbers. It tells us about the thoughts, feelings and emotions of people as well as their culture. It cannot be said for sure who buried the time capsule and for what purpose. TheRead MoreThe War Had A Deep Impact On The American Veterans And Our Society2096 Words   |  9 Pageswomen served in Vietnam (va.gov). The war had a deep impact on the American veterans and our society. Prior to Vietnam, Americans have traditionally supported the military and have shown respect for soldiers (Moffett). Soldiers were viewed as heroes. Unfortunately, soldiers returned from the Vietnam War were treated with disrespect by the American public. In turn, disillusioned veterans returning from the war developed serious physical and psychological problems. American society subsequently lostRead MoreAmerica s Exit From Vietnam And Our Current Withdrawal From Afghanistan Essay1665 Words   |  7 PagesThe similarities that can be drawn if we were to compare America’s exit from Vietnam and our current withdrawal from Afghanistan will be: Resources, Politics and Public Opinion, and Role of the Press, Purpose of War and Military Campaigns, and lastly, Effective Counterinsurgency, and Vietnamization. Like Vietnam, the American involvement in Afghanistan became a long-term phenomenon transcending several presidential administrations. However, the Vietnamese conflict left a specific, some might sayRead MoreWhy Do Ficers Consider Kurtz Unsound?1009 Words   |  5 Pagesmilitary supported, and drifted from it. This is evidenced by his decision to join the Green Berets, in which he would have low likelihood of increasing in rank. This began to alienate Kurtz from his superiors, and eventually, after taking action of his own accord in Vietnam, they realized his reality contradicted theirs. In an effort to protect their reality, they felt the need to destroy that contradicting factor. The way to achieve this was to kill Kurtz. The truths, mores, and general realityRead MoreThe, And Deep Inside Me1693 Words   |  7 Pagesbut these are his first thoughts after his dad dies. Though it would have been easier to let his father go, it was his responsibility for him to see a new day. The quote is a beautiful example of how much stress man will persevere through to fulfill his duties. The sense of responsibility influences man to perform selfless and courageous acts. Men have always had the responsibility of protecting his family, even at the cost of another’s life. Similarly, America has been has been responsible for

Friday Night Lights A Recurring Theme - 925 Words

Marcos Vieira Filho Due: March 31, 2015 Friday Night Lights Book Essay Racism: A Recurring Theme in Friday Night Lights The surprisingly non-fiction novel, Friday Night Lights: A Town, a Team, and a Dream, was written by H. G. Bissinger in 1990. The story follows the Permian High School Panthers football team of 1998. The setting takes place in the town of Odessa, Texas. Bissinger describes this town as, â€Å"the setting for this book, but it could be anyplace in this vast land where, on a Friday night, a set of spindly stadium lights rises to the heavens to so powerfully, and so briefly, ignite the darkness.† (16). It highlights the teams attempt at a Texas state championship with plenty of distractions and obstacles along the way. The main barrier for players and staff of Permian High was racism. Some may find it hard to believe but in the town of Odessa, desegregation was simply a â€Å"suggestion† and the community refused to accept the fact that white and blacks are equal. It was not until the early eighties that Odessa desegregated. To better understand the theme of racism throughout the novel towards African American players and staff of Permian High, a school made up of almost ninety percent minorities, one must understand the background on how this book came about. The other two schools were Caucasian and almost entirely white schools. While at Harvard, Bissinger had an idea to write a book that was focused on the impact that high school football had on American cultureShow MoreRelatedHistory And Personality Of The Supreme Court1155 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Toobin, the history and personality of the Supreme Court has also been affected by continual topics in recurrent cases as well as recurring constitutional themes. These continually topics are seen in previous cases that have made reappearances in other cases as they are applied to modern times and cases. As seen in the provision of the historic rulings in the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education and the 1964 Reynolds v. Sims that established the rule of â€Å"one person, one vote† and equal protectionRead More New Classics of the Horror Film Genre Essay3002 Words   |  13 Pagesthese relics, who now represent all that is archaic in horror film history. The monster movie of the past makes way for the thriller or slasher movie of the present, while the monster villain gives its role to the deranged, psychotic serial killer. Friday the 13th series, Nightmare on Elm Street, Copycat and Seven have become the new classics in the genre of the horror film. With films like The People Under the Stairs, Nightmare on Elm Street, and New Nightmare, Wes Craven has proven himself to beRead MoreThe Hot Zone9599 Words   |  39 Pagesto detail. In the plot structure of The Hot Zone, Part 1 acts as the exposition. The landscape of the region is used to foreshadow the potential for fear and death that may follow throughout the book. In fact, humans fear of death becomes a recurring theme throughout the book. The sugar fields have been b urned for acres around, the dark clouds gather to create a rainstorm, and the cave is full of frightening images. Likewise, the graphic description of the progression of Monets illness allows theRead MoreNores vs. Greek Essay5576 Words   |  23 Pagesthis great wisdom, but had to go through many tasks and tricks to gain the knowledge. Another similarity between Odin and Athena is the fact that both are known for helping mortals. Athena helped Odysseus, Perseus, Jason and Herakles. In this same light, Odin is the protector of Sigmund, for example. Athena was a warrior goddess, as Odin was a warrior god, although Athena was a strategic figure, and most of the Norse figures, including Odin, were not known for being strategists. An interesting differenceRead MoreFord Marketing Plan11940 Words   |  48 Pages and economical vehicle operation (sensors account for almost 30 percent of the manufacturing cost of a car) †¢ While the benefits of some electronics are as cost-saving modules for the parts they replace, some others such as voice recognition and night vision systems have obvious marketable advantages. †¢ Using multimedia delivery platforms and user-friendly voice- and touch-screen-based human-machine interfaces. Provide entertainment to passengers / improve navigation by sharing data across componentsRead MoreSo, How Do People Really Use Their Handheld Devices? an Interactive Study of Wireless Technology Use13130 Words   |  53 Pagesframework of relevant themes will be developed which will increase our understanding of how the introduction of pervasive forms of technology (such as these wireless technology devices actually worn by an individual) might inï ¬â€šuence employee attitudes. T he methodology surrounding the ethnographic interviews conducted in the study will be reviewed, and the participating organizations proï ¬ led for the reader. Results of the interviews will provide both a conceptual explanation of each theme supported by keyRead MorePopulation Problem in Bangladesh14871 Words   |  60 PagesTeaching is a noble and honourable profession and he lives ideal lives. 2 Note how the subject shifts from a particular teacher (supposedly chosen by the student) to the general case of ‘an ideal teacher’. The real and the imaginary are blurred, a recurring phenomenon of ‘personal accounts’. Another section of this book is entitled ‘Writing paragraph Using Key Words’: Write a paragraph about â€Å"your best friend in the class.† In your paragraph you must include the following key words: Kamal Neglect SitRead MoreIroquois Confederacy9092 Words   |  37 Pagesthrough raids on other Indian tribes. They found the metal axes, knives, hoes, and kettles far superior to their implements of stone, bone, shell, and wood. Woven cloth began to replace the animal skins usually used for clothing materials. The recurring raids prompted the French to help their Indian allies attack the Iroquois in 1609, opening a new technological era for the people of the Confederacy. French body armor was made of metal, whereas that of the Iroquois was made of slatted wood. FurthermoreRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesin gaining a following, and if the charismatic community succeeds in routinizing, then the emergent forces, originally linked to charisma, are likely to have long-term consequences for the direction of cultural and social formation. Seen in the light of Webers overall concern with ideas as social forces, his theory of charisma and routinization is yet another argument for the role of ideas as effective instruments of social change.4 Charisma and Rationalization Although Webers work has noRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesorganizational theory challenges the relationship between individuals, groups and the organization through bureaucracy and hierarchy The virtuous bureaucracy Modernist themes in organizational design Modernist bureaucracy as a key challenge to organization design Contingency theory and organization design Organization culture as a key theme in organization theory The modernist tradition in organization culture Conclusions: does modernist organization theory still provide challenges for new visions of

Influence of Servicescape on New and Repeat Customers Behaviour Research Paper

Essays on Influence of Servicescape on New and Repeat Customers' Behaviour Research Paper The paper â€Å"Influence of Servicescape on New and Repeat Customers' Behaviour† is a  fascinating example research paper on marketing. When it comes to products, the consumption objectives and perceptions of the customers differ significantly from their consumption of services. When customers seek out services to consume as products, they look for the intrinsic service and value associated with it as well as the extrinsic factors of service quality and value-added proposition. The value-added proposition by service providers is largely based on the servicescape dimensions. Much research has been conducted on the aspect of servicescape and the impact it has on the formation of perceptions in the minds of the customer. However the aspects of customer loyalty and differing dimension roles for new and repeat customers are aspects of research that need to be focused upon.The objective of this study is to determine firstly, how the servicescape affect customer behaviour in the s ervices industry. Secondly, the paper seeks to provide basis for possibly differing effect of the servicescape on the new customers for a service provider when compared the same for the repeat customer. A practical study of personal experience specific to Starbucks in outlets in China has been performed to further evaluate the importance of servicescape in this regard. The aspect of customer loyalty is taken into account and possible digression onto strategic management of services marketing is provided.Literature ReviewPsychology of Consumer BehaviourConsumer behaviour is a vast field of study pertaining to the internal and external influences of psychology and how they influence the behaviour of the consumer. Specifically applied to business and marketing, this field aids in providing the significant groundwork for the application of servicescape in the services marketing industry. The consumer behaviour psychology is of significant importance when businesses seek to implement a r elationship marketing strategy for targeting new customers and building relationships for long term business and equity from them as a result of managed lifetime relationships (Roberts, Varki and Brodie, 2003).Servicescapes Applied to Services MarketingThe concept of servicescape was introduced formally by Booms and Bitner (1981) in their compiled work that focused on the effect of intangible and tangible elements on the customer perception specific to services marketing among other factors. The concept as depicted by Bitner and Boom provides that it is possible for the environment surrounding the provision and the consumption of service to significantly impact customer perceptions of image, perception and overall experience regarding the service. Since the formal theoretical framework has been laid out to support servicescape, businesses have increasingly paid attention to the manipulation of this attribute to their service in order to foster a proposed experience and perception on to the customers.Servicescape is of particular importance for businesses that provide services to customers or make use of services marketing. Much research pertaining to aspects of servicescape and their application in different industries to influence customer behaviour has been performed. This is particularly true for the hospitality, retail and fast-food/restaurant industry. Specific to servicescape Turley and Milliman (2000) provide that atmospheric elements like scent and temperature can significantly influence the behaviour of the customer in the service setting. This influence can be of both, a positive or a negative nature depending on the service type and the type of atmospheric servicescape employed. Specific to the retailing industry and services marketing employed in the industry, servicescape specific to the store environment has been employed to enhance the experience of shopping for the customer and provide stimuli to increase purchases (Matilla and Wirtz, 2001). Th ese servicescapes can take the form of layout of counters and shelves in-store, the air conditioning employed, use of plants and natural elements as well as the use of scent and music as stimuli for purchase.

Environmental Risk and Carbon Emissions †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Environmental Risk and Carbon Emissions. Answer: Introduction: Cloud computing is having a remarkable impact on all the industry and is one of the biggest breakthroughs in the information technology systems in the past decade. Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) started their plan of moving to the Amazon Cloud (Wamba et al. 2015). FINRA started moving their extremely critical systems in to the Amazon Cloud system. They were able to move their whole processes into the Amazon Cloud and now they are able to monitor and record the daily events in the New York Stock Exchange very easily. The company is able to record about 75 billion individual events on a daily basis, which is a remarkable achievement for the organization. The organization has been able to reduce the cost of storage by implementing the Amazon cloud service and has been able to store trillions of data, which may account to around 20 petabytes of data (Provost and Fawcett 2013). The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission are the primary regulators of the stock market and the new rules set by the government will require FINRA to collect and analyze more amounts of data. This is the very reason that FINRA will be trying to adopt to Amazon cloud computing system which will help the organization to reduce the cost of storage and increase the storage capacity. The organization initially sort help of many consultants and vendors who provided such services, but most of them tried to convinced the organization that it is impossible to manage a database of such magnitude on a private platform (Kraska 2013.). There are four major impacts of the public cloud service on FINRA and it is based on the principles of the organization. These major factors are self-sufficiency, open source, public vs. private cloud and customization. FINRA was able to develop an in house system, which as able to manage the Amazon Web Services without any vendors and consultants (Cai and Zhu 2 015). This has helped to reduce the overall cost of the organization significantly. The company has developed a public cloud system, which could be challenging, as it is difficult to manage a platform of such magnitude. The company developed an open source database, which will help them to avoid licensing, and it is based on the Hive and HBase. The organization customized the platform according to their needs that reduced cost of shifting the system into a new cloud database (Kuner et al. 2012). FINRA has incorporated most of the available features of the Amazon cloud services. They are using the Elastic Container Services instead of the EC2 virtual machines. The organization uses a private cloud database and uses a direct connection for networking (Chen, Mao and Liu 2014). This shows that the organization has made immense changes to the database, which will suit their own need. FINRA has been able to do away with the proprietary infrastructure and has enabled them to facilitate the processing of the huge number of data. This also helped the organization to store huge chunk of data very conveniently at a minimal cost (Ularu et al. 2012). The improvement in the new system is far more superior to the old system and the improvement in the system is exponential in nature. The organization is able to do their entire task in mere seconds, which will save them a lot of time and work load. The new system has been able to transform the whole organization; the new system is as such it will be able to absorb flash-crashes and other adverse market situations. The system will automatically spin up thousands of nodes to take them offline and the security of the cloud-based system is far more superior to the normal systems (Dubey et al. 2016). Order Audit Trail System (OATS) is an automated system, which is used to store and record data relating to orders. The information about all the equities that had been sold on the NASDAQ is recorded using the OATS system. This is a system, which will simplify the overall process starting from the initial receipt to the execution of the procedure. This device helps in tracking of the all the market instruments so that it can be easily audited afterwards. FINRA has incorporated this system in to their organization, which is helping the organization to recreate events in order lifecycles and monitoring of all the stocks and the equities in the market. Affect of the emerging technologies on existing technologies The traditional information system approach was to buy hardware, servers, license and installation of software. This traditional process was time consuming and costly as it required deployment cycles that are long and infrastructure demands. However, with the emergence of the cloud based system the whole scenario of the information technology system has changed drastically (Cai and Zhu 2015.). The old processes and the systems have become redundant, as other effective ways have been developed which will easily virtualizes the information technology system. The internet applications can also be accessed by the other new technological methods. This has significantly reduced the cost of hardware that were used for developing and maintaining of the servers. However, the numbers of components that are being moved in to the cloud by the majority of the companies are a handful. Initially the companies had to understand the advantages of using cloud computing so that it can be integrated in to the system of the organization by customizing it according to the needs of the organization (Kuner et al. 2012). The implementation of the cloud computing system in to the business model of the organization is tough, as the organization would have to modify their business model to accommodate the inclusion. This has increased the demand of the new specialists who can monitor and apply the changes without any problem. The ways of creating and developing the application have changed and the software developers have to adjust to the new ways of using the cloud server. The applications are move to the public or the private cloud so the companies will have to change their ways of delivering applications. The support staffs that were required in the traditional system have now become unnecessary and so the need for support staffs has decreased significantly (Kraska 2013). The biggest change of it all is that the data has lost its physical control and are being stored in data centres provided by the vendors. The safety of the data has increased and safer in the cloud servers. The cloud providers have security experts who maintain software and hardware to protect the data of the client from any breach. There is no specific standardized software for the cloud and the companies modify the software to customize it according to their needs (Provost and Fawcett 2013). The numbers of software application that are available in the open market are in millions. There is need for integration among the service providers and other applications, which are similar and belong to the rival organization. Integration is the new need where the companies will be streamlining the multi company project to make the work collaborative. These aspects are important for organization show have formed an collaboration and without the use of the integration there will be problems in security of data, lapses in production and there will be failure in the communication system of the organizations. The hybrid Cloud services have become popular, as this is a service that provide most favourable means for meeting the regulatory conformity for the organization. However, installation and managing of this hybrid servers is expensive and only 27% of the organization have the resources for fully accommodating the cloud based servers (Ularu et al. 2012). The cloud computing system has allowed all the individual use their own customized applications and so it difficult to monitor and secure the data. Thus, the companies are using third party cloud solution, which consist of security apps that will monitor and protect the data from any unwanted breach. Cloud computing is one of essential requirements for development of flexible workplace. The employees are using technology advanced devices to access the data remotely and cloud will facilitate in collaboration, competitive gains and trade. The companies will be able to provide the employees with flexibility, which will help in increasing the productivity in the organization (Dubey et al. 2016). This had lead to the emergence of cloud brokerage services, which will facilitate in providing the organizations with ideal cloud service provider for the organization. These cloud brokerage services have gained popularity due to the need for integration in the hybrid models and there has been rapid growth in this market. This has helped the organization in adaptation of the BYOD, big data and services related to mobility, which is acting as a catalyst in the growth of the Cloud Brokerage Services (Provost and Fawcett 2013). This has to lead to the emergence of the SaaS solutions that has bee n perfectly incorporated in the digital system. This will ensure full integration fo the applications and software without any leaks and breaks. DaaS offers the organization with the support to companies to make choices that cost efficient and will provide the organization with a competitive advantage in the market. FINRA has been able to incorporate the OATS system with their private cloud system, which has improved the ability of the OATS system. The tracking of complex data and recording it has become very easy for the organization and the tasks that would take a time of at least five to seven hours can be solved in seconds and minutes. Corporate strategic planning process Business performance does not consider the business in different level but considers the business as a whole, which helps in identifying the performance of the organization. The performance of the individual will also affect the performance of the company. The incorporation of the business performance management along with the corporate strategic planning will provide the organization with the opportunity of meeting the target (Agus and Shukri Hajinoor 2012). The business performance management is continuously making progress in providing positive impact to the key indicators of business. The strategic planning will help to outline the key indicators, which will help in enhancing the business performance. The strategic planning process is the tool, which will facilitate the organization to make improvement in the business performance management. The strategic planning is an tool which will define the key changes in the key indicator of the organization in order to positively impact t he performance of the organization. Corporate strategic planning will help in identifying the goals and the ways of achieving the target (Hammer 2015). Business performance management in an organization will consist of growth strategy, innovation and better execution and these three important factors will have to be incorporated in to the strategic planning of the organization to maintain their sustainability. The corporate strategic planning consist of various tools which can be used for accessing the market conditions and as well as the internal environment of the organization. The macro environment analysis helps to identify the external factors, which will affect the operations and sustainability of the organization (Rasula, Vuksic and Stemberger 2012). This may include PESTLE analysis, which will help in the identification of macro environmental factors. Porters five forces and the value chain analysis can be used for analysing the internal environment of the organization. The external environment cannot be controlled by the organization but if the organization is able to identify the factors that may affect the performance the n they will be able to mitigate the risk factors by being prepared for it. The internal analysis of the organization includes the SWOT analysis, which will help in identification of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunity and threat of organization. The identification of these factors will help the organization in formulating future strategies to achieve the goals and objectives of the organization (Chen, Chiang and Storey 2012). Business intelligence is a tool, which is collect, store, access and analyzes the data to make improvements that will help the organization make better choices. The business intelligence is a tool, which helps the organization to set their corporate strategies, and at the same time will help to change the existing strategies according to the changes in the market. The business intelligence tool will be used by the organization to monitor the progress of the strategic plan and to measure the key performance indicators of the organization. the organization will be able to select sophisticated KPIs by combing different datasets of the corporate organization ((Chen, Chiang and Storey 2012). The business intelligence system will help the organization to use an automated device to monitor the KPIs and make appropriate changes in the strategic planning of the organization. This tool will help in the reduction of the cost and time taken for analysis and execution of the strategic plan of the organization. Business intelligence is a guiding tool for creating a successful management strategy and create the desired performance. Business performance management acts as a junction for business intelligence and corporate strategic planning as both these tool are used by the organization to achieve the common goals that is to increase the productivity and hence maintaining the sustainability of the organization. The use of business intelligence for developing the corporate strategy of the organization has been adapted by most of the organization as it helps in forecasting the future market trends and formulation of effective strategies as a means of counter measure for the future uncertainties (Prajogo and Olhager 2012). BI System formulation and Architecture The goals and objectives of a company have to be clearly set in order to implement the business intelligence framework. The goals of the organization, which is required for the proper execution of the business intelligence framework, are trust on a single set of corporate data, which will to help to make decision based on the facts (Prajogo and Olhager 2012). The tools should be easy to use which can easily analyze and report data to help the business achieve better insight to highlight hidden trends and issues. The tools should be able to identify the trends in a short period of time so that the company can quickly adapt to the changing trends in the market. The BI framework that is being developed for an organization could be practical or conceptual depending upon the needs of the organization. The main advantage of using this tool is that the organization has the option of modifying the tool according to the scale of the organization. The large-scale organization will use the tool in a different way where as the small and the medium scale organization will use it in another way. The majority of the organizations use a combination of the products, services and vendors to PM solutions and BI analytics (Meng 2012). The companies with limited amount of resources will use the BI analytics in a different way. They will be using the framework, which will constitute of reporting, analysis and planning of the data without the usage of the extensive resources. The use of effective framework will help an organization to maintain their sustainability in the organization. The above pictures show two frameworks one is one for the medium scale organization and the other is for the large-scale organization. The first framework is less complicated where the vendors, services and products are not taken in to consideration while in the second framework it is a more complex framework with the usage of extensive resources. The tool is very easy to use and even novice employees can use it to understand the market analysis and the trends (Hoogendoorn, Oosterbeek and Van 2013). The framework wants the users to think like an analyst to make optimum usage of the tool. The result that is obtained is precise and accurate which helps in making accurate decisions. The formulation of the strategy for the business can be done at any point of time so that the strategy can be adjusted according to the upcoming market trends. The organization will have to change their processes form tactical to strategic planning which would include the implementation of the business analy tical system. The organization will have to make sure that they maintain the consistency level in all the analytical processes so that the organization has the common sets of dimensions, business rules and hierarchies (Prajogo and Olhager 2012). The companies can develop the analytics system based on their infrastructure; the system is flexible enough to be incorporated in to any form of system. A single console, which is centralised and based on web, can be used for managing all the administrative activities of deployment, installation and management can be done with a few clicks. The above two-business system will help a manager to analyze the progress of the organization and the results of the corporate strategic planning. The system shows how the decision support system will help the organization in making valuable decisions, this will consist of both micro and macro decisions of the organizations. The manager will be able to obtain about both external and internal sources form the data warehouse for interpreting the data. The manager will be able to do a comparative study of the corporate strategic planning and business management process with the help of the business intelligence system, which will help a manager to identify whether the execution of the corporate planning is done in a proper way. The organization will have to define the business process, decision and the analytical processes and the information infrastructure will have to be defined so that the model can be execute din a proper way. There is no right framework in business intelligence and the frameworks change according to the needs of the consumers. This will depend on the constraints and the objectives of an organization. The use of analytic in the supply chain of the organization is one of the important aspects and overall operation can be handled efficiently with the help of the business intelligence (Hoogendoorn, Oosterbeek and Van Praag 2013). The use of the BI in the operations of the company will help in increasing the productivity and maintaining the quality of the product. However, the complexity of the organization increases with the increase in the width of the scope of the organization. The above framework show show the decision support system has been used to facilitate the needs of the organiza tion. Developing an argument either in favor or against the preference of knowledge based system over traditional IT systems Knowledge based system is one of the members of the AI group which is used for the entire advanced task and other resources. The society has become more oriented to knowledge and is relying on experts to make decision for them. The KBS system will increase the consistency and will allow the users to function at a much higher level. The KBS system is bale to understand and interpret the data to make decision on behalf of the expert. Knowledge Based System emphasizes on the system that utilizes the knowledge based techniques to support the human decision, learning and actions. This system is developed to cooperate with the humans. As put forward by Popovi? et al. (2012), a knowledge based system is considered as the computer program that uses artificial intelligence to resolve the issues within a particular domain that practically requires human expertise. This system tasks for expert system could involve the classification, diagnosis, design and monitoring and planning for the specialized. It is identified that Information technology could conduct the human activities but without the involvement of humans, it is not possible to conduct those activities. Many organizations in the recent time have been observed to be using AI in their operation to speed up the process of operation. On the other side, the use of traditional information technology involves the staffs to operate. In this context, Chen, Chiang and Storey (2012) commented that knowledge-based system seems to be more general compared to expert system. Knowledge Based System is highly demanded in many organizations due to unique features like problem solving. The problem-solving efficiency does not lie with the smart reasoning method nor it is depended on developed algorithms but it is highly depended on domain-dependent real-world knowledge. It has been found out that real world issues do not have any well developed solutions; hence, the knowledge based system permits this knowledge to be represented. The KBS provides an enhanced solution. In this context Azma and Mostafapour (2012) commented that knowledge based system derives the experience and knowledge of human expertise and record them in knowledge-base to resolve the problems that usually require human expertise. The KBS can be used as the diagnostic tools where the interpretation provides a deep understanding of situation or circumstance with available and relevant information; whereas traditional IT identified the issues based on the algorithm developed in the system; thereby, thereby reach of Information Technology is limited compared to Knowledge Based System. According to Hou (2012), KBS has a design tool that helps to make the configuration that meets the constraints of the issues identified. Likewise, the system is embedded with a monitoring tool that helps to check he performance as well as the inconsistency. Another significant tool is known as the control, which helps to collect and evaluate the evidences and other related opinions. The most significant diagnostic tool of KBS is known as debugging, which helps to identify as well as prescribe solutions for the malfunction. On the other side, the traditional information technology could inform the users about the malfunctions but it cannot develop the solutions. As discussed earlier, with the help of AI, Knowledge Based System could provide the identification about particular issues, which is known as the set of symptoms but hence, IT system could stop the operation being affected by the problems. According to Duan and Da Xu (2012), the component of a human or an expert system which consists of systems knowledge developed in the collection of facts regarding the system domains is known as Knowledge Based System. Due to all these advanced features, the KBS is highly demanded in each sector by the medium and large size organizations. Discussing the broad implication for KBS rising from the introduction of cloud computing techniques that provide intelligent computing power over the internet Certainly, the cloud computing is known as one of the advanced and latest innovation in modern technology. The cloud computing is referred to the use of computing resource from the server using the broad network. This system enables the user to access the required resource using any computer system associated with the internet as the web server. However, the biggest contribution of cloud computing technology is Knowledge Based System. As put forward by Sauter (2014), as the long-term investment in learning always lead to the consequence in immediate the enhancement, business across the world have waited long and it was hard to find a way of gaining knowledge. However, with the revolution and development of IT solutions, it is probably that cloud computing is foolproof system for conducting the same. As there has been a growing popularity of cloud-based knowledge management system, technology through the evolution, has been able to help people in experiencing some significant benefits from the potential risks. In addition to this, as the cloud-computing has the scope for storing the relevant information; it has become more easier to develop KBS. To develop and use KBS, the users do not need additional hardware or software, on single operating system can work for the KBS Foshay and Kuziemsky (2014). Deriving the human expertise and utilizing the resources kept in the cloud, the Knowledge Based system works as a whole and facilitates the overall operation. As put forward by Chang (2016) the cloud technologies are utilized to aid knowledge sharing because of the recent advancement in the field of internet as well as its growing popularity. The major advantage of cloud computing technology is that it can be implemented throughout the organization. Hence, the organizations should re-evaluate as well as modernize their knowledge management strategies to keep up with the knowledge enhancement (Azma and Mostafapour 2012). Furthermore, it is also observed that because of the large range of knowledg e as well as the content in the enterprise, the monitoring as well as the supervision is complicated along with high licensing cost. Hence, the solution is to take up an extensible knowledge management system to meet the organizational needs. When the successful transition to a cloud based knowledge system is developed, the organization could experience a set of benefit such as reduced licensing charges using a single content management system (Chen, Chiang and Storey 2012). The organization could enjoy the benefits of reduced ownership charges because of the transition to cloud. The organization could observe a developed efficiency as well as cooperation across the organizations through a unified system. Thus, it can be mentioned that technological operation has now days become easier due to advancement of AI in the form of Knowledge Based System. As put forward by Popovic et al. (2012) being able to use knowledge as the competitive advantages needs a sophisticated system of knowledge management. Hence, the major objectives o knowledge management is to increase the highest exploitation of intellectual capital in organization. This has been possible by the use of technology that that can work as human and probably faster than humans but using human expertise only. Data mining Data mining is the process in which the large number of data is analyzed to identify the hidden relationship between various data and at the same time can be sued for the prediction of the future.It can be used for finding the anomalies, correlation and patterns among the data. This is used to increase the revenue and reduce the cost associated with the organization and make improvements in the relationship with the customers and reduce the risk. Initially data mining was used in scientific disciplines, artificial intelligence, statistics, and machine learning. However, the application of data mining is huge and in the past decade the multinational companies has been using data mining and big data to make improvements in the business model of the organization (Popovi? et al. 2012). The emergence of data mining has made the old processes redundant by taking out those tedious and time-consuming processes. The automated analysis of the data has been used in all types of industry to unco ver relevant insight form complex data. Data mining has been used in retail, banking, financial sector and many other industries, which shows that the data mining has the capability of resolving all the issues that are being linked with the organizations. Globalization has made improvements in the technological advancement and this has caused the emergence of large amount of data. The large amount of data is unstructured and complex: data mining is the process, which can be used to obtain meaningful data from this huge chunk of data (Chen,Chiang and Storey 2012). The data mining can be used to reduce the amount of noise in the data by eliminating the repetitive data from it. Data mining will be able to identify meaningful data, which can be used for drawing inference. This also helps in making important decision at a brisk pace and this has made data mining as an integral part of the business world. The sue of analytics to understand the patterns and relationship with in the variable is very common. The proper usage of the data mining and big data can provide an organization with competitive advantage. Modern scenario shows that the companies have incorporated the use of data mining so that they make improvements in the performance of the company. The analysis of the huge chunk of data was very difficult and time consuming for the companies and the emergence of data mining has been a boon for the corporate industry (Azma and Mostafapour 2012). Data mining is the solution to all the problems in the market trends where the companies can make us e of the data mining to make changes to their corporate planning strategy and prepare for adverse situations. There are various types of modelling method, which are used for the analysis of the data. The needs of the consumers and fluctuations in the market can be easily analyzed with the help of analytics. Market basket analysis is one such technique where the retail companies use the data to identify the complementary products, most popular products and the pattern the products should be arranged so that they sale of the outlet increases. This show that data mining was initially sued for theoretical analysis but it can be better applied to solve the problems of the business world. The tradition form of analysis were time consuming and difficult to calculate whereas data mining produces very fast results and helps in reducing the time making decisions (Foshay and Kuziemsky 2014). Implication of intelligent data analytics The emergence of big data has lead to usage the data of the behaviour of the consumer to identify their needs, upcoming patterns and the popular products in the products. The consumers are unaware about the usage of their personal data by the companies. This may be considered as the breach of privacy and the consumers if they find out about it can file a lawsuit against the company. Even if the consumer has agreed to share their data then the consumers are unaware of the fact that how the data will be sued by the organization. The organization may sell the data to a third party who may misuse it for its own benefit. This is a common phenomenon for the companies to use of the customer data and store it in their data warehouse to analyze it to find the patterns hidden in it (Hou 2012). The availability of large amount of data is common in this present business world but it the duty of the companies to protect the data of the consumers in a proper way so that it cannot be misused for ot her purposes. A lot of companies have their data warehouse where the large amount of data of the consumers is kept for further analysis in the future. However, most of the companies are very casual about the privacy and protection of the data and the recent incident in the past few years show that there has been privacy breach in large number of companies. They have been unable to do anything about and consumers are more frightened about sharing their information at an organizational level. There are instances where data has been stolen and has been used for identity theft and accumulation of the large amount of data at a single place has presented the hackers with the opportunity to steal this huge data for their own benefit (Duan and Da Xu, L. 2012). The companies should be more focused on protecting the data of their consumers otherwise it will be difficult for the companies to retain their consumers. The instances show that the data breaches in all the incident is the fault of the organization and they had to pay heavy fine to the consumers for such a shameful incident. This shows that the organization are least bothered about the data privacy of the consumers and using it for their own benefits. The big data consist of various analyses and is very sensitive in nature so it has to be protected at all cost (Foshay and Kuziemsky 2014.). The data can be used for many misdeeds, which will be a problem for the company and the consumer at the same time. The consumers have lost their trust on the companies and are very much reluctant in sharing the data with the consumers. Thus, it can be concluded that it is wrong on the part of the companies to exploit the data of the consumers and the companies should make sure that they maintain t he privacy of the consumers. Reference Agus, A. and Shukri Hajinoor, M., 2012. Lean production supply chain management as driver towards enhancing product quality and business performance: Case study of manufacturing companies in Malaysia.International Journal of Quality Reliability Management,29(1), pp.92-121. 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